Venturi Tube Essay

771 Words4 Pages
Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate and verify the integral momentum equation. The force generated by a jet of water deflected by an impact surface is measured and compared to the momentum change of the jet. Apparatus The experimental apparatus consists of a water nozzle, a set of impact surfaces, a spring scale connected to a balance beam, a flow meter, and plumbing for recirculating the water. Figure 4.1 is a schematic of these components. The pump draws water from the collection tank and provides sufficient head for the water to flow through the nozzle and the flow meter. The jet of water from the nozzle impinges on the impact surface. The balance beam attached to impact surface allows measurement of the force necessary to deflect the water jet. Theory A theoretical model for the force necessary to hold the impact surface stationary is obtained by applying the integral forms of the continuity and momentum equations. The details of the model depend on whether or not the fluid stream leaving the impact surface is symmetric relative to the vertical axis of the surface. Symmetric Jet The geometric and fluid parameters for this experiment are identified in the sketch in Figure 4.2. A stream of water with average velocity V flows upward from the nozzle. It impinges on the impact surface and turns to flow radially outward from the axis of the impact surface. The control volume, bounded by the dashed lines, is chosen so that it crosses the jet streams at right angles. To proceed with the analysis make the following assumptions Discussion of Results It is clear from Fig 11.3 that the force produced on each of the vanes is proportional to the momentum flow in the jet as it strikes the van For the flat plate, the slope of the graph for is 0.97, as compared with the ideal value of 1.00. The discrepancy is possibly due to

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