Thalamus – Muscle movement and processing sensory information. Hippocampus – Processes recent memories into stored memory Limbic system - Emotions and smell. 1.3. Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia Depression is caused by chemical imbalances in the brain. A person who is depressed can often show similar signs or symptoms to a person that has dementia.
1.3 -Explain why depression, delirium and age-related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia This may be the case because they all share many of the same symptoms as dementia, for example depression can manifest as anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbance, changes in appetite, weight loss or occasionally weight gain, fatigue, decreased energy and difficulty concentrating, thinking or making decisions. Delirium can produce reduced awareness of the environment, wandering attention, being withdrawn, poor memory and difficulty speaking or recalling words. Age-related memory impairment can include forgetting where you left things you use regularly, forgetting names, forgetting an appointment,
2. Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia. The key functions that are affected by dementia are: Temporal lobe- responsible for vision, memory, language, hearing and learning. Frontal lobe - responsible for decision making, problem solving, control behaviour and emotions. Parietal lobe - responsible for sensory information from the body, also where letters are formed, putting things in order and spatial awareness.
Dementia with Lewy Bodies can be closely related to Parkinsons Disease and there is a theory that Dementia with Lewy Bodies interferes with two neurotransmitters called dopamine and acetylcholine which assist in the brains functions. In Frontotemporal dementia – Picks Disease, the brain shrinks in the frontal and temporal lobes and a build of specific protein’s occur in these areas. Once the proteins come together, they become toxic and cause brain cells to die. It is not understood why these proteins build up. There are other dementia types too, namely Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) caused by an abnormal infectious protein call Prion which cause nerve damage to
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS TYPES OF AMNESIA: There are three types of amnesia; anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, and infantile amnesia. Both anterograde and retrograde amnesia are the most severe types of memory loss disorders. They are caused by damage inflicted on the areas of the brain that provide the functioning of memory. Often, these brain injuries can be a result of severe concussions, traumatic events, and the abuse of alcohol, mental disorders, and disorders that occur from aging. Retrograde amnesia is defined as the loss of memory from the point of injury backwards.
Dementia can affect the following key functions of the brain: - Temporal lobe - Parietal lobe - Frontal lobe - Occipital lobe - Hippocampus - Cerebrum lobe These all affect the function of: -Memory -Emotion -Cognitive skills -Perception -Behaviour -Communication -Senses and movement 1.3 Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia. Delirium, age related memory and depression often affect the memory and cognitive impairment, which can be mistaken for dementia. If someone is clinically depressed, their symptoms may be very similar to someone who has got dementia. Delirium, like dementia, is more common in older adults. Depression, delirium and age related memory impairment are all symptoms of dementia.
Dementia Awareness Understand what dementia is. 1) Dementia is where there is a decline of the brain and its abilities, it is caused when the brain is damaged by disease, for example, Alzheimer’s disease, damage to the brain or a series of strokes. There are several types of dementia these include, vascular, Alzheimer’s, lewy bodies, fronto-temporal. 2) Areas affected by dementia are memory loss, speed of thinking, mental agility, language, understanding and judgement. 3) Other conditions such as depression and delirium both have similar symptoms as dementia.
Cerebrum lobe is biggest part of the Brain its role is memory, attention, thought, and our consciousness, senses and movement 6. Hippocampus is responsible for memory forming, organizing and storing and emotions 1.3 explain why depression, delirium and age-related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia Depression can be mistaken for dementia because when someone is very depressed their memory can be affected. Symptons of depression: Anxiety, irritability, Delusions Hallucinations Increased or decreased body movements Pacing, wringing their hands, pulling or rubbing their hair, body, or clothing Sleep disturbance: difficulty getting to sleep, staying asleep or especially waking up early Changes in appetite: usually loss of appetite but sometimes increased appetite Weight loss or occasionally weight gain Fatigue, decreased energy Difficulty concentrating, thinking or making decisions Slowed speech, slowed responses with pauses before answering, decreased amounts of speech, low or monotonous tones
Alzheimer's disease affects the brain through exponentially greater cell death and tissue loss, resulting in a decreased brain size. As a result, behavior, memory and thinking are affected. Vascular dementia is caused by blockages and breaches in the brain's blood supply that damage the brain and can be caused by any condition which results in an interruption to the blood flow to the brain, and as well as strokes, this could include diseased arteries, heart attacks, high blood pressure, raised cholesterol, diabetes, furred arteries and irregular heart rhythms. Any condition causing damage to the circulation of blood to the brain carries a risk to mental functioning. People experiencing vascular dementia will, like those with Alzheimer’s disease, have problems with learning, remembering, recognition, planning and problem solving.
The medical model of dementia the medical model refers to what the clinical approach to dementia is for example how the changes in the brain happen, when the occur and how the condition is managed and what medication is used to manage it. Dementia as a clinical syndrome is characterised by global cognitive impairment,which represents a decline from previous level of functioning, and is associated withimpairment in functional abilities and, in many cases, behavioural and psychiatricdisturbances. a syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capability, language, and judgement. Consciousness is not impaired. Impairments of cognitive function are commonly accompanied, occasionally preceded, by deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour, or motivation.