This cultural deprivation which Murray controversially links to lower IQ levels, is seen as creating a group of pupils who are fundamentally alienated from the education system. Cultural deprivation has been widely criticised as an explanation of class differences in
On the one hand it could be said that it is down to discrimination in schools that there is evidence of ethnic differences in educational achievement. One example of discrimination in schools is labelling and teacher racism. Interactionists focus on the different labels teachers give to children from different ethnic backgrounds. Their studies show that teachers often see black and Asian pupils as being far from the ‘ideal pupil’. For example black pupils are often seen as disruptive.
As Item A suggests ‘Afro-Caribbean boys were often expected to behave badly and they received a disproportionate amount of negative teacher attention’ that teachers have lower expectations of black boys. These students then tend to be labelled as troublemakers and are seen as
Teachers often misinterpreted their behaviour as threatening when no threat was intended. When teachers acted upon this, pupils responded negatively and further conflict resulted. Gilborn concluded that much of the conflict between white teachers and black pupils stems from racial stereotypes teachers hold rather than the pupils’ actual behaviour. Teachers were less likely to see pupils from other ethnic backgrounds as a threat or to punish them, even if they behaved in the same way as the black pupils. The term ethnocentric describes an attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture of one particular ethnic group while disregarding others.
Fundamentally, one factor which contributes to the ethnic differences within the school place is due to the labeling theory. This is when a particular definition is attached to a student such as ‘smart’ or ‘stupid’ this often leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy as the student begins to believe the label they have been branded as and therefore begins to act upon it. Some sociologists have focused on how black pupils are labeled negatively which has a direct impact on their education. Gillborn & Youdell (2000) found that black pupils were more likely to receive discipline from their teacher although fellow classmates may have been acting in a similar way. This leads to further problems as conflict begins to emerge between teachers and pupils as black pupils are seen as anti-authority due to the misinterpretation of behaviour black boys especially, are labelled negatively leading exclusions which affect their educational attainment as missing lessons means that their knowledge is being limited.
Therefore, it is important to name common stereotypes and “clean the slate” on these falsities. Though it may be done to everyone, it is wrong to create a stereotype of anybody. There are social stereotypes for every genre of people, but by associating social stereotypes to those that homeschool, I can attest to the social strains that homeschoolers face because of stereotypes about the way we act, the way we dress, and the beliefs that we hold. Peck Page 2 The most common stereotype perhaps related to the homeschooler is the lack of socialization. Homeschoolers, cry critics, live apart from the real world, and are not
Thus, children growing up in these households are possibly led to believe that survival is dependent on being aggressive; also, they identify with these violent parental roles models having limited access to positive adults due to social isolation. This is not a causal relationship, but an association, which could be exacerbated by additional factors such as law enforcement being more punitive with lower socioeconomic class youth. This in turn could perpetuate a cycle of delinquency due to poorer families having less access to protective resources in the way of private clinics; instead, the charged youth is more likely to be institutionalized, thereby being exposed to behavior that is more antisocial. On the other hand, children from more privileged backgrounds may never face the same punitive legal outcomes, despite similar transgressions. Preschool experiences are another social risk factor for later aggression and delinquency.
To label someone is to attach a meaning or a definition to them. This is studied by Interactionists. When looking at ethnic differences in achievement, studies show that teacher often see black and Asian pupils as being far from the ‘ideal’ pupil. These negative labels leads to ethnic minority pupils being treated differently, resulting in their low educational performance. Gillborn and Youdell (2000) found that teachers expected black pupils to present more discipline problems and misinterpreted their behaviour as threatening or as a challenge to authority.
Stereotypes like those send ignorant messages and can affect ones opinion about a group of people. Negative stereotypes are always looked down in our world, yet people still make rude remarks about someone’s age, gender, or race. However, there are people who find it okay to perpetuate positive. This can categorize people in ways that promote their race, gender, or age which some may find harmless. Assumptions about groups even though they are considered to be positive are just as damaging as making a negative stereotype.
To be classified as ODD, the behaviour also has to have caused a significant degree of disturbance to home, social or school life. How does it cause problems For parents, having a child with ODD can be very difficult. ODD children can vary from being mildly oppositional to always being hostile. A child with ODD will: deliberately take the most difficult