I will be taking a look at some of the criticisms of the theory as well as the good points of Rogers’s theory, and although there are some critics of the theory there is no doubt that Rogers’s approach to counselling is an in-valuable part in the history of the humanistic thinking. Born in the US in 1902 Rogers developed his theory from his experience while working as a clinical psychologist with children, and in the early days it was known as client centred therapy. Person centred therapy is a non-directive therapy which allows the client to be in control of the content of the session, this is known as client autonomy. During the therapy sessions the counsellor does not offer advice in any form and must be completely non-judgemental towards their client in every way. It is thought that the person centred theory allows for the client to look deeper in to themselves and that client autonomy will bring about change and healing without giving the direction or advice that other theories do.
In 1941 N.E Miller and associate J. Dollard proposed that one could learn a behavior by observing that behavior in others. They called this theory social learning. The social learning theory of Miller and Dollard also stated that “by imitating these observed actions the individual observer would solidify that learned action and would be rewarded with positive reinforcement.”(Green) Loosely translated this means that if we ape the actions of those around us they will reward us for such actions. In 1954 Julian Rotter broke away from the then popular instinct based psychoanalysis and drive based behaviorism theories. Rotter believed that a psychological theory should have a psychological motivational principal, and that people were motivated to seek out positive reinforcement or stimulus and to avoid the negative of either.
These advancements were most likely the basis for a sudden philosophical argument: What do we truly know? People wondered whether science was really giving us knowledge of reality. The quest for the answer to this question led to the development of these two schools of philosophy. Two of the most famous philosophers of epistemology are Rene Descartes and David Hume, the former being a rationalist, and the latter an empiricist. In this paper I will attempt to give an understanding of both rationalism and empiricism, show the ideas and contributions each of the men made to their respective schools, and hopefully give my personal reasoning why one is more true than the other.
This is the contradicting of Jung. Jung has analysis himself to experience the unconscious through his dreams and fantasia Jung believe that he was strong enough to make dangerous journey and come back to talk about it. His goal was to understand the unconscious from the purpose viewpoint of scientist. Ellis thoughts are that society is more disturbs and it more inclusive and exact “people disturb themselves by thing that have happen to them. And by the view, feelings, and actions” (p16) Horney’s (1950) also Adler writes that our Emotional reactions and lifestyle are associated with our basic beliefs and are therefore cognitively created.
Diploma in Therapeutic Counselling Unit Title: K/601/7632 Counselling Theory Unit Summary: Learners will analyse one major therapeutic model to influence, inform and empower their practice as a counsellor. They will also compare other therapeutic models with the major model. Learner name: Claire Bracegirdle Tutor name: Margaret Shacklady Learning outcome 1 – understand a major therapeutic model of counselling Assessment Criteria 1.1 Analyse the philosophy of one major therapeutic model in relation to . Its origins . Historical development to the present day .
Personality Danjerell Burks PSY/250 April 3, 2014 Jaime Stone Personality In this paper I will explain the theories of Freud, Alder, and Jung. These three men have studied human personality and have some conclusions in common and others they have their different opinions about personality Sigmund Freud’s work supported the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes and he also offered evidence that cultural differences have an impact on psychology and behavior. Jung believed the human psyche exists in three parts: the ego (the conscious mind), the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Jung believed the collective unconscious was a reservoir of all the experience and knowledge of the human species.
Foundation of Psychology by Joe Everett June 23, 2013 Psy/300-General Psychology Instructor: Charissa Hall Psychology book tells us that it is, “Psychology is the study of human nature. It is the study of man, man as a living being, acting in an ever-changing world, responding to things and events and other people” (Boring, 1948). From the time when psychology started out in Philosophy, and come in its own as a recognized science, many school of thoughts have come up and evolved over time. These different school would include functionalism, structuralism, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and even humanism. Starting with structuralism, " was the first school of psychology, and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most
Describe how the cognitive approach has been applied to RET The cognitive approach believes that we are information processors. Our thinking and the way we process and interpret events can affect our behaviour particularly our mood. Therefore rational emotional therapy is linked to the approach because its attempts to change the way an individual interprets and thinks about certain events. Ret was devised by albert ellis in the 1950’s. it tries to tackle mustabatory thinking (the thinking that you must be good at everything and like by everyone) by trying to make the patient think more rationally about situations.
Freud believed that conscience was a construct of the mind built up through repressed feelings and emotions. For Freud, during our upbringing we accept values and beliefs about morality, and at some point, these may be rejected by our moral reasoning. Even though these early views have since been rejected, they continue to influence our ‘conscience’. Freud separated the conscious into three clear parts: the ID, the EGO, and the Super-Ego. The ID is considered part of the unconscious personality, and is driven by impulses to seek pleasure and satisfaction.
A philosopher such as Freud would agree with me because he argued that our Conscience is a construct of the mind. Freud did not believe in any absolute moral law therefore the content of our conscience is shaped by our experiences - our conscience is learned. He argued that the human mind is split into three separate parts. The id is basic instincts and desires such as hunger, which are present at birth. The ego balances the desires and needs of both the id and the super ego.