Other less common causes of dementia may include depression, head injuries, alcohol misuse, brain tumours, infections of the brain such as HIV, Strokes, or lack of Vitamin B in the diet. These causes of dementia can be treatable or non progressive or in some cases reversible such as vitamin deficiencies or thyroid problems. Rarer causes of dementia include Huntington’s disease, or progressive supranuclear palsy. 1.2 The different types of memory impairments commonly experienced by individuals with dementia include thought impairment such as storing and retrieving memory problems, calculation, spelling, planning and organising. Many people can also have difficulty with day to day tasks.
The cause of the brain cells dying and the deterioration of the connectors is not fully known. Vascular dementia is a form of dementia caused by damage to the brain through deprivation of oxygenated blood. Causes are preventable and include high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes and high cholesterol. Rarer forms of dementia are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Biswanger’s disease. 1.2 Types of memory impairment Whilst long term memory loss is experienced, short term memory loss can cause more problems, although it is not the same in every case.
Catherine scullion Unit Understand the process and experience of dementia. 1.1, Dementia caused by a combination of conditions, sometimes called mixed dementia. Dementia is not a specific disease, Its a an overall term that describes a wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills severe enough to reduce a persons ability to perform every day tasks activities. Alzheimers disease accounts for 60/80% of cases. Vascular dementia which occurs after a stroke, is the second most common dementia, but there are many other conditions that can cause symptoms of dementia, including some that are reversible, such as thyroid problems and vitamin deficiencies.
Associated features in DLB are falls, disturbances of consciousness, autonomic dysfunction and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorderFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) usually presents with language disturbance and/or behavioural difficulties (either disinhibition or apathy),Korsakoff's syndrome is a brain disorder that is usually associated with heavy drinking over a long period. Although it is not strictly speaking a dementia, people with the condition experience loss of short term memory.Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Prions are infectious agents that attack the central nervous system and then invade the brain, causing dementia. The best-known prion disease is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, or CJD.HIV-related cognitive impairment People with HIV and AIDS sometimes develop cognitive
Unit 4223-316; Understand the process and experience of dementia. Outcome 1 1) A range of causes of dementia syndrome are; •Alzheimer's Disease •Most Common •Nerve cells dying in certain areas of the brain •Vascular Dementia •One or more major strokes or lots of small strokes •Deprivation of oxygenated blood •Fronto-temporal dementia •Changes in personality •Affects younger people, particularly men and very rare. 2)The types of memory impairment commonly experience by individuals with dementia are; •Difficulty remembering things that happened a short while ago but the same person may remember things that happened many years ago •Loss of basic skills, cleaning washing shopping •Forgetting where they live •Becoming unaware of their surroundings •An inability to have and show empathy •Forgetting their disabilities 3)How the brain works is that the left side of the brain analyses information collected from the right side and it enable you to expand on what you see, you are then able to say ‘I know that dog, it belongs to my neighbour’. Whereas the right side is responsible for putting information together. For example: If you see a dog the information comes from your eyes to the right side of your brain.
Some of the negative effects are things such as nausea and stomach pains, restlessness and tiredness. Medication can also cause headaches, dizziness and loss of balance. It may affect an individuals sleeping pattern, it may also cause a loss of appetite and tiredness. There are a number of risks associated with the use of anti-psychotic medications for individuals with dementia. These can range from side effects such as restlessness and irritability to becoming addicted to the drug and dependant on others.
This being said, DI can happen from hitches in surgical procedures onto the brain. In some cases, intense head trauma can damage the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. Abnormalities in the kidneys or brain can also cause DI. These abnormalities can affect the production and process of ADH. Like many illness, there are different classifications of DI.
They may become agitated or see things that are not there. While symptoms of dementia can vary greatly, at least two of the following core mental functions must be significantly impaired to be considered dementia: Memory * Communication and language * Ability to focus and pay attention * Reasoning and judgment * Visual perception People with dementia may have problems with short-term memory, keeping track of a purse or wallet, paying bills, planning and preparing meals, remembering appointments or travelling out of the neighbourhood. Many dementias are progressive, meaning symptoms start out slowly and gradually get worse. If you or a loved one is experiencing memory difficulties or other changes in thinking skills, don't ignore them. See a doctor soon to determine the cause.
However, most types of dementia cannot be cured, but medication can be prescribed to slow the symptoms down, such as ➢ Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine) used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s. Side effects include nausea and vomiting ➢ Memantine hydrochloride. This blocks a chemical in the brain. Used mainly for severe Alzheimers, it is also occasionally used for moderate cases if the patient does not respond well with Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ➢ Antipsychotics. These are used to try and control challenging and aggressive behaviour.
2 How dementia affects decision-making Dementia is the umbrella term for a number of conditions which cause damage to the brain cells. The most common form is Alzheimer’s disease which has a gradual progression. The next most common type is vascular dementia which has a step-like progression. About one in four people with Parkinson’s disease also develop dementia. Short-term memory loss, disorientation and loss of concentration are common symptoms.