Aristotle defines happiness as the final good which means, to live a good life, by doing good deeds and happiness depends upon us. Jefferson states that happiness is freedom
He defines happiness in terms of this theory as an actuality; the virtues which allow happiness are dynamic-but-stable dispositions which are developed through habituation; and this pleasure in turn is another actuality that compliments the actuality of happy living. Augustine’s primary moral
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) then decided to develop his idea of Utilitarianism from this quote and apply it to all areas of social activity. Bentham was a hedonist believing that pleasure was the chief ‘good’ and that all aspects of life should maximize pleasure and minimize pain and those that did were the most moral acts. He created the principle of utility which established whether an action was good or bad according to the benefits to the majority amount of people. This is sometimes described as ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’ of people making Bentham’s theory quantitative. Bentham said ‘the principle of utility aims to promote happiness which is the supreme ethical value.’ In determining how to measure different amounts of pleasure and deciding on the right and good thing to do Bentham came up with the Hedonistic Calculus.
The method is optimistic in nature and concentrates on virtuous human capabilities to prevail over pain, deprivation, and hopelessness (Feist, Feist, & Roberts, 2013). The premise of the humanistic theory of personality is for humans to accomplish self-actualization, achieve growth psychologically, and to attain happiness and inner peace in life (Feist, Feist, & Roberts,
He saw that an action had to cause the greatest or purist happiness. Therefore in the situation of war, Mill would think what would cause the best amount of happiness for people. The general rules that he would follow is: what would be the consequences of war? Would everyone be happy with this? Who would have the most happiness (qualitative).
115). There are special advantages to privilege, like who gets taken seriously, who receives attention, who is accountable to whom and for what. It also grants a presumption of superiority and social permission to act on that presumption without having to worry about being challenged. ( Johnson pg. 115).
Universalism is where people should uphold certain values, such honesty as well as other values that society needs in order to function correctly. Universal principles may be powerful and useful, however what people say, hope, or think they would do is often now what is actually done in the long run. Egoism is acceptable behavior which maximizes benefits for an individual “doing the right thing,’ the focus of moral philosophy is defined by egoism as “do the act that promotes the greatest good for oneself” (mhhe.com, Ethics and Corporate Responsibility). Utilitarianism, unlike egoism, seeks the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. Organizations seek the greats good for the largest amount of consumers they can supply to, increasing their need for product.
The Big Squeeze: Tough Times for the American Worker Response Paper Greenhouse’s in his article The Big Squeeze: Tough Times for the American Worker acknowledges that there is some fundamental thing that is not working even as Americans try as much as they cane to make ends meet. He introduces to us workers like Mike Michell, Dawn Eubanks, John Arnold, Don Jensen among others who were confronted a very gauntlet of social and economic forces that were arrayed against them. They faced challenges at every turn which included hour and wage violations, outsourcing and downsizing, erosion of healthcare and pension benefits, sexual harassment and union busting. He states that the there is a decline in how workers in America are been treated which
Theoretical Orientation Paper Like Rogers, I believe that humans are inherently good. I believe that we all have the potential to succeed and do what makes us happy. I find that we need to dig deep within ourselves and find what makes us fulfilled and strive for that. The more someone tells you what to do, the least likely you are to doing it. Change takes one's own initiative, and ideally, support from those around you.
Labor Unions Labor unions are organized to stand for the rights of employees in certain fields and industries. The standard labor union represents its association by negotiating employees pay, benefits, safety, and security issues. Labor unions came about during the industrial era of America in which they were very helpful to workers. The workers of that era worked for poor wages while also working under dangerous working conditions and as well as minimal legal representation. Unions improved much of those harsh conditions for the workers by helping them avoid exploitation by their employers.