Italy had tried and failed to conquer Abyssinia in 1896. Italians also felt that they didn’t get their fair share of territory after World War I when the Treaty of Versailles (1919) made peace and decided who would rule Germany’s former colonies. The invasion of Abyssinia would make up for these disappointments. Abyssinia and the territories Italy already held in East Africa would join together to make a new Italian empire in the region. Abyssinia had the support of the League of Nations, but did not have an army
Both the Soviet Union and the United States had very different ideas of how to establish postwar security. The United States assumed that democratic governments and free markets would allow states to resolve their differences peacefully. However, Stalin was determined to use the Red Army to control most of Eastern Europe and pressure nations to follow orders from Moscow under communist rule. His fear of another attack from Germany or another Western power led him to create a buffer zone between Soviet territory and the rest of Europe. During his “Iron Curtain Speech,” Churchill mentions, “In a great number of countries, far from the Russian frontiers and throughout the world…Communist parties constitute a growing challenge and peril to
There were many reasons how the Nazi Soviet Pact played a greater part in causing war in 1939 than the policy of appeasement such as an important factor, which let Hitler invade Poland without having to fight a war on two fronts. Also, after the failure of appeasement, the British had guaranteed polish security. Once Germany invaded, the British would be forced to declare war. The Nazi Soviet Pact can be considered major causes of World War Two, however the policy of appeasement was the most important reason for the war. The Nazi-Soviet pact was responsible for the outbreak of war because France and Britain had decided to finally intervene.
To what extent was Austria responsible for the failure of Italian revolutionaries in the years of 1820-1849? It can be argued that Austria was largely responsible for Italian revolutions failing between the years of 1820-1849. They were a dominant force within Italy and would not allow themselves to be overthrown. However it is clear that other factors also had a significant impact over the failure of Italian revolutionaries, such as the fragmentation within Italy at the time, the misguidance of the revolts, the Pope was withdrawing his support of the revolts and their figurehead Mazzini being in exile. Revolutions between 1820-1821, 1831-1832 and 1948-1949 were all ultimately overthrown to some extent by Austrian force.
The main reasons I will be looking at for why the revolutions failed are The Pope’s Allocution, they didn’t have a common goal, France, lack of foreign support and also the power of Austria. With the appointment of the new Pope, Pope Pius X1 in 1846, the states of Italy believed they would have a better chance of unification. Pope Pius was the first liberal pope Italy had seen and he gained support by ending censorship, telling Austrians to leave a town in the Papal States and he also released 2000 political prisoners. These actions had Metternich scared. He even quoted ‘we were prepared for anything, except a liberal Pope.
This provided an opportunity for the revolutionary nationalist movements that offered action-based means to rebuilding nations. This essay will address the Fascist ideology in comparison to the other popular political movements of the time. Focusing on Italy and Germany, it will identify and discuss the post-war crisis events that led European societies away from democracy and towards the one-party state. Fascism was a “response to the problems of national development and individual identity that appeared in the wake of military defeat, political frustration, demobilization, class struggle and economic depression”. The Fascist ideology, as first outlined by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, varied greatly from one Fascist party to another.
Italian help on the Eastern Front). People often say Hitler was a fool to attack the Soviet Union when he should have finished off Britain until they would have signed a peace treaty (left unoccupied though). Recent documents have even said how close Britain was to surrendering
Fischer’s argument that the outbreak of the First World War was due to Germany’s aggressive foreign policy, with a harsh focus on annexation, can be regarded as one of much significance. This theory has been backed up by historians such as Berghahn who claims that Germany ‘[tried] to shift the balance of power in their favour’, and did this through a weltpolitik policy of aggressiveness. This, it can be argued, can be shown by The Navy Race, in which Germany attempted to expand their navy in order to compete with Britain. Despite this being regarded by some as an attempt to
The policy of appeasement, embraced in vain by Great Britain and France in the 1930s, was ultimately a bid to reach a peaceful understanding with Germany. However this was only a failed policy which directly would lead to war as it encouraged Hitler, abandonining policy would have prevented such a brutal war, Hitler was an unreasonable dictator and that had always intended to fight a war and that he would not be appeased. These crucial factors ensured that appeasement policy would Utltimlty the appeasement directly resulting in the Second World War Brittan and France With the rise of Hitler Germany sought to revise the terms of paris peace settlement through aggression as he stated in mieng kamf he would “break the unjust terms of the treaty of versallies”. The memories of WW1 were still alive and Britain and France were disenchanted with the idea of using force to solve European disputes as they were economically. The feeling swept especially throughout Britain that the Treaty of Versailles had been too harsh, and Germany should be able to make some amendments to its more extreme elements.
How far do you agree that Mussolini’s economic policies in the years 1922-40 were a total failure? Mussolini’s economic policies in the years 1922-40 were based on three key aims, firstly to have consolidate his position in power, secondly create a self-sufficient or a autarky finally he wanted to have a strong economic base for significant military expansion. Therefore many of his economic policies fit into one of these key aims. 1922 is when Mussolini came to power and 1940 is when WW2 started this therefore is the time, which he had to proper Italy for a large or total war. Some of Mussolini’s policies to achieve this were however a total failure, most significantly the corporate state and the bid for a state of self-sufficiency.