Introduction Timbuktu is located in Mali, Sahara Desert, near the edge the Niger River. It was discovered as a World Heritage Site in 1988 and is listed on UNSECO as a cultural site. Timbuktu was a spiritual and intellectual capital and a center for the propagation of Islam throughout Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. Now in the 21st century, it is home of Koranic Sankore University. With a population of approximately 30,000 as for 2017, Timbuktu was the product of African and Arabs architecture but is continuously being restored because the monuments today are under threat from desertification.
Mecca is located in what is now present day Saudi Arabia, about half way down the Western side of the Arabian Peninsula. The Kaaba, the black Islamic stone shrine established by Abraham and Ishmael, is located there. Mecca is deeply rooted in tradition, and the stones and Kaaba were erected or associated with Holy Ground, where individuals had a dramatic experience with God or Allah as he is called in Islam. During the time of Mohammed, Mecca had became a easy stopping place for the caravans and merchants along the spice trade which brought new wealth, foreign ideals and social values to Mecca. Being the stopping point brought to Mecca a host of undesirables such as; merchants, prostitutes swindlers and gamblers, whose social values would clash with that of the Arab Bedouin, who clung to traditional ideologies (Grand Canyon University, 2010, p. 1-2, para.
20. The expansion began with Muhammad traveling from mecca to medina. He was able to expand his empire because of muhammads 4 rightly guided caliphates which taught people to act good and defend their country and because of the muslims offering opportunities to persecuted people. Muhammad later came back to Mecca and took over the people inhabiting it. He then built a vast and prosperous empire.
By the year 3000 BC, Egypt was divided into two areas upper In Ancient Egypt new cultures had developed early. By 3100 BC. King Menes untied upper, Lower Egypt two independent kingdoms along the Nile River to what has become a great empire. To start, Ancient Egypt and Africa is one of the best places to vacation on. For instance you can go on an hour tour or so and go and look at the Old Kingdom of Egypt which was known for there sun worship, pyramid building trading expedition as far as the North and the Black Sea.
Julio Cruz Week 8 From 1450 to 1640 the “Early Atlantic Age” a new set of regions, the Atlantic coasts of Africa, entered directly into long-distance international trade. It tells us that the chain of developments by which the Europeans gradually shifted from being peripheral actors on the world stage to chief protagonists. During this time, Europeans spread the Commercial Revolution along the western side of Africa and across the Atlantic Ocean. The establishment of Portuguese commercial activities around the coasts of Africa took place over an eighty-year period. In the Western Sudan belt of Africa between 1450 and 1640, the age of empire came to an end, but not before one more great empire, Songay, flourished.
However, in the time before the Europeans arrived in Africa in the late 15th century, the civilizations of Africa had already accomplished many great things. We have a multitude of unbiased accounts about the success and importance of many African empires, kingdoms, and cities. The Aksumite empire was an important international trading center, and was a major stop on many trade routes along the coast of the Red Sea, and inland towards the Nile River and the Sahara Desert. The ancient kingdom of Ghana, at one time in its history, was the controller of the trans-Saharan gold and salt trade, and made sure that the world knew it. The court of the Ghanaian king was described as a luxurious place filled with luxurious people; even the dogs wore collars of gold and silver.
Approximately 70,000 years ago, humans migrated out of Africa and began colonizing our planet. Archeologist James Henry Breasted first described a region of land which begins in present day southern Iraq and extends north along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It turns west toward ancient Assyria and then south towards present day Syria. This area then turns down into southern Palestine. J. H. Breasted called this area the Fertile Crescent because of its crescent-shape and the fertility of the land.
Carly Jones Mr. Smith SS 9H Period 9 20, November 2014 Geography is the physical features of earth. The geography of the Middle East has played a significant role in the development of its civilizations. Both rivers and deserts have played large roles in where cities develop. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, in Mesopotamia, and the Sarah Desert, in North Africa, had severe impacts on their history and culture. Tigris and Euphrates became a region where great permanent settlements began.
Judge and Langdon Connections: A World History Chapter 13: Early African Societies, 1500 B.C.E.–1500 C.E. Lecture Outline Introduction The first camel caravan arrived in West Africa in 685 C.E. Muslim traders brought to the region not only good, but a transformation of religion, language, and more. I. Africa Before Islam Watch the video The Borders of Africa and World History. How African History Has Changed World History on myhistorylab.com A.
Not far from Cusco. Machu Picchu was built by the Inca around 1400BC. Most archeologist believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti in (1435-1472) as it was referred as the lost city of the Incas. Machu Picchu means old peak in the Quechua language when at sunset the sun sinks behind the shrine. Machu Picchu was abandoned just over 100 years later in the 1500s, as a belated result of the Spanish Conquest.