Thistles by Ted Hughes

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“Thistles“, by Ted Hughes is a poem about the fighting spirit of a people constantly oppressed by their enemy. Like the thistle, this people never give up. The enemy may win temporarily, even chronically, but the thistle refuses to lie down and die. The enemy will find the victory hard-won, the feisty thorns costing him sore pains as they shed his blood. The title may be referring to the Gaels, as the thistle is an ancient symbol of Scotland. Homely weapons become mighty implements of war in the hands of the determined and the valiant. Like the thorns of a thistle, a simple sword or axe in valiant hands can make life very difficult for the invader. The crude, despised weapons of grass roots struggle are surprisingly effective. “One of the marks of a great poet is the ability to take a perfectly ordinary object and cast it in an entirely new light. Hughes does this with the thistles…transforming them from humble weeds, into a symbol of strength and resistance.” The first and final verses of the poem talk about what humans do to the thistles. The first verse refers to spring time and cattle; the last to being mown down in the fall. The middle two verses take us back in time to the days of tribal Celtic revenge, Viking warfare, and ancient languages. Throughout the poem, it is clear the defeated continue to hold grudges against their supposed conquerors. In every generation, warriors arise to avenge their fallen fathers, take up their torch, and continue the fight where it left off. With its cattle references, the first verse evokes the Highland Clearances of the 18th century, when millions of Gaels were driven out of Scotland to make room for the large cattle farms of the English. The enemy spoke a different language, or tongue. Hence, it is “against the rubber tongues of cows and the hoeing hands of men” with which the thistles come into conflict. As they simply try
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