Theoretical Matrix Essay

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Appendix A: Matrix of Theoretical Models

Theoretical Model | Description of Theoretical Model | Type of health care change situation where model best applies | Kurt Lewin’s change theory | Kurt Lewin’s change theory model describes three stages of change that involves the freezing stage, the moving stage, and the refreezing stage (Ngozi, 2010). During the unfreezing stage, the nurse recognizes the need for change, creating awareness and beginning the process of accepting the imminent change. This step involves making nurses gain understanding on their daily activities, unlearn their bad habits, and expose themselves to new methods of attaining the objectives. This stage involves searching a method to make it possible for people abandon an old pattern that was inefficient. In the second stage, moving, the nurse accepts the need for change and implements the change. “Moving is allowing members of the group to change from one set of behavior to another, such as new job responsibilities, new roles, and new job skills” (Schein, 2002, p. 37). In the third stage, refreezing, the new change is becomes permanent. Refreezing is accepting the change as a new practice and becomes the “standard operating procedure.” Without this third stage, it is easy to revert into the previous outmoded ways. Lewin’s theory possesses both the driving force that facilitates change and a resistant force that resists the change (Schein, 2002). The driving force must overcome the resistant force in order for change to be successful. | This model best applies to a nursing situation in which change is necessary but where part of the nurses in the organization are resistant to change. Ordinarily, resistance to change within an organization would derail plans to change, but Lewin’s theory recognizes and accommodates resistance, enabling the nurse to grasp the

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