Describe and evaluate the humanistic approach in psychology The humanistic approach contrasts all the other approaches for one simple reason; this is that the humanistic approach believes that we have free will, this is because we are able to make conscious decisions for our self and chose our own path in life, and for example, the behaviourist approach is deterministic, as the environment determines our behaviour. Rogers stated that certain environments are needed in order for a child to achieve their full potential as an adult. Rogers said we need a condition consisting of positive regard. This means knowing that somebody loves you no matter what you do. He said we all need conditional positive regard from our parents, and if we did not receive this is can lead to psychological problems in our future.
Businesses require a tool to measure the execution of objectives. As far as the goals of objectives they are supposed to align with a stated vision and mission. Effective objectives ensure that daily activities align with the big picture or if there will be a need to adjust redirect focus. A balanced scorecard is a tool, generated by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton. Authors Pearce and Robinson (2009) suggest, a balanced scorecard “Is a set of measures that are directly linked to the company’s strategy,” “Directs a company to link its own long-term strategy with tangible goals and actions,” and “Provides a framework to translate a strategy into operational terms” (p. 202).
They can determine whether or not the internal evaluation was carried out with integrity. Program officers and funders find improvement opportunities by examining the overall effectiveness from the program evaluation. Having documentation that lists the details of what the program’s purpose which aids program officers and funders to determine at what level did they do all that they say they would do. Through evaluations program managers and funders can ascertain how well or not
In total opposition to this belief is determinism, the theory that all behaviour is pre-ordained and we cannot chose our destiny so to speak. This idea can be most clearly seen in psychological approaches such as the biological or the behaviourist. Other approaches such as the cognitive approach present the idea of soft determinism, the suggestion that whilst some behaviour is determined we still have some degree of control and choice over what we do. The most firm believers in free will are humanistic psychologists. The humanistic approach has been praised for its great emphasis on autonomy, the idea that we have control over everything we do.
Individuation is the central concept of analytical psychology. Jung, C. G.
Running head: Personality Theories Personality Theories PSY/211 Personality Theories The existence of personality theories correspond to how scholars analyze and assess the development of human identity and behavior. Each viewpoint provides a specific understanding of what cultivates personality and the corresponding factors that influence such behavior. One way to analyze personality is through the lens of psychoanalytic theory. The main argument of this theory is that problems or issues pertaining to psychology can be rooted to one’s unconscious (McLeod, 2007). Specifically, the problems are influenced by latent issues surfacing in the conscious mind.
2. Constructive style. 3. Passive/ defensive style. Research has shown that the styles measures by the LSI are related to a number of indicators of effectiveness and success, including leadership effectiveness, management effectiveness, problem solving effectiveness, quality of interpersonal relations, salary, organizational level, individual health and well being, and organization culture.
Psychodynamic Theories Introduction goes here. Key Figures Sigmund Freud The father of psychoanalysis, Freud based his theories on the unconscious mind, infantile sexuality and the Oedipal complex, and repression. In addition, he proposed a three-part psychological structure in the Id, considered the pleasure principle, Ego, also known as the reality principle, and Superego, which is the internalized moral principle. According to Thornton (2010), “Freud’s innovative treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed of cultural artifacts as invariably possessing implicit symbolic significance has proven to be extraordinarily fruitful, and has had massive implications for a wide variety of fields including psychology, anthropology, semiotics, and artistic creativity and appreciation” (para 2). Alfred Adler In 1911, Alfred Adler formed the school of Individual Psychology as a reaction to the hostile response he received from members of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.
Then, this scholar will identify the ideological, theoretical, and ethical elements that both influence and contribute to the development of a neonatal nurse practitioner framework for praxis. Finally, this scholar will examine how praxis can be utilized in the practice area. Praxis overview Nursing praxis can be defined as an essential bridge between formal nursing theory and nursing practice. Praxis, the Greek term for “action”, was initially used by philosopher Karl Marx to signify the unification of theory and practice. According to Rolfe (1993), nursing praxis is the “bringing together of theory and practice which involves a continual process of hypothesizing and testing out new ideas, and modifying practice according to the results” (p. 176).
In his findings, Freud believed the human mind was make up of three main components; the ego, the ID, and the superego. Primary urges being on the ID, personality related being of the ego, and superego described as a part if a person’s personality that values ideas held within from their environment during childhood, also known as peers, parents, and a variety of cultural influences. Humanistic psychology’s primary focus is a person’s free will concept of self- actualization and interpersonal growth. The humanistic school of thought was developed in response to behaviorism and psychoanalysis. The differences among the early school of thought and the humanistic approach is that the emphasis is on helping individuals reach their highest potential rather than being the center of abnormal human behavior.