In 1977 the Forest Service made carrying fire shelters mandatory for all firefighters after three fatalities occurred on the Battlement Creek Fire. The Mann Gulch fire obviously happened before shelters were invented, but if these men would have been carrying them, the outcome could have been very different. There have been numerous cases since the implementation of fire shelters where crews have been overtaken by wildfires and lived to talk about it. In most cases, the sole reason for survival, was the use of fire shelters. The shelters are able to shield trapped firefighters from the radiant heat of the fire, as well as give them a small amount of breathable air amidst the superheated gases.
This earthquake is remembered as one of the most destructive natural disasters next to the Galveston hurricane of 1900, and hurricane Katrina of 2005. The death toll is believed to have soared past the 3000+ casualty mark. San Francisco was the 9th largest city in the US, and the largest city on the west coast. Over the years San Francisco had become a financial, trade powerhouse and was even referred to as “gateway to the pacific” because they had the busiest port on the West coast. The initial impact was devastating which left about 300,000 people homeless out of a population of about 410,000.
English Comp II Causes and Effects of Forest Fires Wildfires are caused by many different things. They can be sparked by lightening or human related activities. Regardless of their source of ignition, the effects of forest fires are both good and bad. As the monsoon season passes, vegetation from seasons past begins to dry out, raising the threat of forest fires. These fires have a variety of sources, such as man’s negligence, a natural occurrence like lightening, or an earthquake like the one that caused the San Francisco fire of 1906.
The earthquake’s strongest point lasted for around 8-10 minutes. The tsunami created a permanent rise in global sea level by at least 0.1mm and it caused an inactive volcano located in the Leuser Mountain, Indonesia to active. Did you know the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by an earthquake that is thought to have had the energy of 23,000 atomic bombs. *Location* The tsunami was located in 15 different countries. The countries which were affected the most include Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand.
Some of the major negative economic effects of natural gas drilling are the enormous amounts of pollutants released into our water sources. With estimates coming close to 50 trillion cubic feet of natural gas sitting in the Marcellus, it’s no wonder companies are willing to drill at any cost to the local water systems and communities. In other words, there is conservatively two trillion dollars in nature gas reserves sitting right under us. The problem with fracking is being able to find an economical and environmentally friendly way to dispose of the waste water. There are approximately thirteen treatment plants used to deal with the waste water that is accumulated by the massive fracking operations all over the state.
Magnablend plant in Waxahachie An Industrial plant about 30 miles south of Dallas in Texas blazes into flames sending a massive black smoke into the sky and blazing chemicals pouring from the site. Some schools and resident have been evacuated, others were sent to shelters to protect them from the exposure of dangerous gasses. The fire moved pretty fast and the black smoke could be seen from miles away. According to Waxahachie police Lt. Joe Wiser in AP Regional State Report – Texas; (10/3/2011) Stated that no injuries had been reported since the fire was first called in about 10:40 a.m. The Major highway near the planet has been shut down and fire fighters from several nearby towns been called to battle the flames.
Secondary effects include respiration problems from the plumes of smoke, land slides from soil erosion, and economic losses. As the fires burn large plumes of smoke begin to saturate the air and make the quality of air very poor for breathing. According to (usgs.gov) over 70% of people were affected by respiratory problems from poor air quality in and around the San Diego area during the 2007 wildfires. Another secondary impact of wildfires is soil erosion. Soil erosion occurs when the land is depleted of valuable nutrients making it susceptible to landslides and mudslides in the wet
The fire burned for 36 hours and the Macondo Prospect delivered about 4.9 million barrels of oil before being closed and sealed on 15 July almost three months later. The oil spill in the
Estimates of the Tohoku earthquake's magnitude make it the most powerful known earthquake to have hit Japan, and one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the world overall since modern record-keeping began in 1900. The Fukushima I, Fukushima II, Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant and Tokai nuclear power stations, consisting of a total eleven reactors, were automatically shut down following the earthquake. Japan's government said the cost of the earthquake and tsunami that devastated the northeast could reach $309 billion, making it the world's most expensive natural disaster on record. According to the chief scientist for the Multi-Hazards project at the U.S. Geological Survey, the fact that the Tohoku earthquake took place in Japan—a country with "the best seismic information in the world"—meant that large amounts of data were collected for an earthquake of this type and severity. Japan specifically requested teams from Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the United States; it also requested, via its space agency JAXA, the activation of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, allowing diverse satellite imagery of affected regions to be
Deforestation In Thailand Proposal Large areas of the world’s forest are being destroyed as you read this sentence. Volcanoes are erupting, floods are flooding and fires are burning; but with these occurrences the forest will emerge again to become what it once was. Unfortunately this is not the major reason that the forest are being depleted, Deforestation, the permanent loss of forestland, caused by humans is the main cause. With natural disasters the land is left to replenish itself but with deforestation the land becomes un-sustainable to forest life. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) “estimates that the annual rate of deforestation is about 1.3 million square km per decade, with the main deforestation occurring in the tropics where a wide variety of forest exist”.