During this period The USA had become the world's largest economic power, making up 27% of the world's economy compared to the 19% in 1913. The First and Second World Wars that occurred during the British Imperial Era may explain the decline of Britain as an economic power by 1950. During these wars, Britain had to invest heavily in munitions and equipment, borrowing heavily from the US to help fund its expenditure. With Britain indebted to America, and struggling to maintain an empire after the economic impact of the Second World War, it is unsurprising to see a decline in Britain's economic strength, with an increase in American economic influence. During the Cold War era, the USA's economic position may have been strengthened due to its increasing political influence as one of the world's leading powers alongside The USSR, which had a GDP that made up 10% of the world's economy in 1950.
Productivity, as measured by the output per hour by the business sector, grew at a lower rate during the Reagan years than the 7 years prior. The growth rate of 1.3% during Reagan’s tenure was .2% higher than the 6 years afterwards, but .3% lower than the years preceding (Niskanen & Moore 1996). Inflation is an increase in the average price level and is not a positive occurrence. When Reagan took office, the REAGAN-SIDE ECONOMICS consumer price index (CPI) was at a high 13.5%, by the end of his terms, the CPI had been decreased to 4.1% (Niskanen & Moore 1996). Those who are critical of Reagan’s policy speak of the explosion of the United States’ budget deficit during the 1980s.
Current macroeconomic issues 2.1 Steady growth GDP can be seen as “the total annual output of goods and services on which aggregate demand is spent” (Sloman, 2008, p.277); it can be calculated as the sum of consumer spending, investments, government spending and balance of import and export. 2.1.1 Current issue UK has a fluctuant GDP since 2009. There is both positive and negative growth in the recent years (Trading Economics, 2013). GDP of UK shrank by 0.3% at the end of 2012, which is mainly attributed to drop in mining and quarrying industry, after maintenance delays at North Sea oil field. Manufacturing is another sector that causes the negative growth in GDP; it has decreased by 1.5% than the year before.
Discussion9 Read the chapter8 case “Procter & Gamble: Organization 2005” (p. 323-339). The case focuses on Procter & Gamble’s growth over the years, and how the organization has been structured, and restructured to accommodate its globalization strategy. Discussion questions 1. Why did the US organizational structure shift from product grouping in the 1950s to a matrix in the 1980s? 2.
Although the British economy can be seen to have grown throughout the period to some extent in relative terms it was actually in decline. Even within the first 13 years of the period Britain's share in world trade fell 15% and the economies or Japan and Germany in particular began to outstrip the nation massively. Arguably Britain did have a chance to change this with the creation of the EEC in the 1950s but failure to embrace this initially meant that the European nations steamed ahead in their economic growth and Britain would never quite catch up. The weak nature of the economy can too be seen in the 1970s when it really was at its lowest seen in the humiliation of the 1976 IMF loan and the later Winter of Discontent. The latter decade could arguably show the greatest economic situation in that Blair experienced continuos growth but still looking at Britain today it never develop dot compete with the ever growing markets
Most of these economic factors change depending on the country as the each country’s economic activities throughout the country such as the Increase or decrease in inflation (the rate at which prices are going up), recession - a significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than a few months, GDP (Gross domestic product), interest rates - high interest rates are good for people saving but bad for people taking out and paying back loans such as mortgages as it costs more but it has not changed for 3 years and taxes such as corporate, income etc. All these individual factors influence any decision a business makes (Tesco). For example a
Thatcher’s administration saw and annual percentage growth of 2.7% and a total percentage growth of 69% . Employment plunged from 1.66 million in 1980 to 3.16milllion in 1984 to 2.1million in 1990 and inflation was 6.2% from 1981-1991. Consumer Price Index in the USA went from 47.85% in 1980 to 71.99% in 1989 and in the UK 39.27% in 1980 to 67.67% in 1989. So it can be concluded that both the Reagan and Thatcher governments in terms of economic growth and stability were successful in achieving their objectives. But in terms of public manner the UK experienced much civil unrest under the Thatcher Government and is remembered extensively for this uneasy time.
List a few reasons economists speculate could be the cause of the slump in productivity increasing presence in the work force of women and teens (had lower skills, less likely to take full time jobs),declining investment in new machinery, general shift of American economy from manufacturing to services B. Sharply rising oil prices in the 1970s also fed inflation, but its deepest roots lay in government policies of the 1960s—especially Lyndon Johnson’s insistence
He shows that the real income of the bottom 90 percent of American taxpayers eanred $27,060 in 1979, $25,646 in 2005, which tells us that though our economy has been growing, most of us have relatively little to show for it. And this has happened across the globe.
Often times, companies uproot from American soil and re-established themselves in foreign countries. This causes millions of American based jobs to diminish. The more unemployment rises, the less capital circulates in the United States economy, thus causing more Americans to seek unemployment benefits. According to Gail Makinen, economic policy specialist, the United States experienced 130,000 Americans being either jobless due to the 9/11 attack or the recession that followed. (2002) Although the United States economy experiences a great deal of negative effects based on international trade, there are some benefits to foreign trade.