December 8, 2011 A Comparative Critique of “The Genocidal Killer in the Mirror” and “The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal: Sources of Sadism” The subject of obedience to authority to the point where a human would cause physical harm to another human has been greatly debated among modern critics. In his article “The Genocidal Killer in the Mirror”, Crispin Sartwell suggests that the average ordinary citizen will participate in mass genocide. In contrast, “The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal: Sources of Sadism” by Marianne Szegedy-Maszak focuses on the response of soldiers in the military to their superiors. Both articles cover ground dealing with man’s response to social consensus and obedience. In contrast, however, Sartwell’s article focuses primarily upon the civilian aspect of obedience, whereas Szegedy-Maszak focuses more upon the military aspect.
During this time period, Chinese states were at war for control over the Zhou Dynasty, this led to Han Fei raising questions whether or not complying with Confucian ideals that state proper behavior could create a stable and peaceful society (Han, 1939). Both societies relied on harsh punishments to keep their community orderly. As stated by Han Fei, developing laws with unambiguous punishments and rewards was the one and only way to attain a powerful society. For example, “people caught opposing the government would instantly be disciplined by being burned alive, boiled to death in pots, or have their hands cut off.” These ideas were very similar to the ones stated in Hammurabi’s Code, “If a man breaks into a house,
After committing these murders, the warriors “felt good” (140), believing they had successfully wiped out the affront against their tribal chief. Benedict argues that since within their society it was considered moral, even morally acceptable, to commit such murders, the fact that within most other societies such actions are deemed abnormal and immoral, is relevant. New Concepts One of the new concepts for which I gained enlightenment on is that on ethnocentrism. Benedict says this is done when one culture uses the standards of their own culture to evaluate their subjects study. The definition of ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior (488).
A hard sound such as “t” “b” gives the situation more of harsh tone such as “the neighbors were walking around burning and bleeding” (90). This doesn’t give the soft tone of sympathy but a harsh tone of death. Hersey likes to use alliteration to evoke a feeling into the reader’s mind of pathos, more if he or she had just read the story. Alliteration offers the chance of more feelings and emotions to readers throughout the story. John Hersey’s Hiroshima is not only a detailed account of the Americans bombing Japan in 1945, but he inserts rhetorical devices that encourage readers to feel pathos while reading.
* This suggests that while the deprivation model may be applicable to prison environments, it may not be relevant to violence within psychiatric institutions. * Massacres are often a form of institutional aggression often committed during wartime, such as the massacres of Jews during World War II. * Milgram argues that this happens due to the situational pressures of war, which causes soldiers to obey their leaders. * This can be demonstrated by the fact that in the Holocaust, many soldiers claimed that they were simply following their superiors' orders. * Goldhagen argues that the Holocaust was not due to obedience, but due to the anti-Semitism which was prevalent at that
To understand the development of increased self-awareness, it is helpful to consider the opposite process: the destruction of self-awareness. Understanding the growth process is often enhanced by understanding the deterioration process. In the case below, a process of psychological self-destruction is described as it occurred among prisoners of war during the Korean War. Consider how these processes that destroy self-awareness can be reversed to create greater self-awareness. The setting is a prisoner of war camp managed by the Communist Chinese.
“What is the True Art of War?” Paula M. Rogers Asian History 101, Professor Neulander July 31, 2014 Widely ridiculed as Classical Chinese philosophy, The Art of War offers exceptional theories and profound rationale that influenced the direction of Japanese military forces of the nineteenth and twentieth century. From showing its military strength to proclaiming its industrial power, Japan was a force to be reckoned with. In addition, an analysis of Sun Tzu’s key concepts has a direct correlation to deception and surprise. While there is much skepticism about the true author of The Art of War, an exploration into Japanese history indicates that Sun Tzu’s teachings had a direct impact on Japanese military operations and war strategies. That being said, one could argue, Sun Tzu’s philosophy, in regards to war, which incorporated, both, a business ideology and military planning strategy was utilized by Ho Chi Minh and Mao Tse-Tung as well as depicted in a number of wars such as the Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, and the bombing on Pearl Harbor.
Though this proposition is correct, I argue that the decentralization of the Chinese system of governance was an integral reason for its inability to cope with the challenges posed by modern nation-states. This decentralization is characterized by many factors including internal social unrest, lack of strong leadership, corruption, and traditional ideals. The already decentralized, corrupt state was thus easily exploited by modern imperialist powers due to their superior military technology and organization. Eventually, China’s decline and successive defeats led to the fall of the last Chinese empirical dynasty. To begin, it is necessary to have a strong understanding of China’s background as an empire and what led to its decline during this period.
China also repeated many times that its constitution specifies not only citizenship rights but also the “Four cardinal principles“ in legal respect the "Four Cardinal Principles" are higher than citizenship rights, meaning there was legal base when China arrested people who wanted to overthrow these principles. Chinese people who obey these principles can enjoy all Chinese citizenship rights in principle. However, numerous human rights organizations maintain a litany of grievances against the Chinese government. Controversial human rights issues in China include policies such as capital punishment, the one-child policy, the social status of Tibetans and lack of protections regarding freedom of press and religion. One of the foremost areas of concern is a lack of legal rights, for want of an independent judiciary, rule of law, and due process.
Seldom is there a deep understanding of why cheating is so wrong, and perhaps this is due to the inconsequential consequences to cheating. In ancient China, when the Chinese administered examinations for jobs in the civil service, tests were given in separate cubicles to prevent examinees from cheating. Examinees were searched for concealed notes and a death penalty applied for examinees that were found guilty (Jackson, Levine, Furnham & Burr, 2002). If the severity level of consequences were more complex today, what level of integrity would a person abandon to cheat? "If instructors have poorly conceived classes and requirements, students will have plenty of rationalizations for cheating," the study's lead author, University of Missouri sociology Professor Edward Brent, said in a statement.