The Psychological Effects Of Solitary Confinement

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Solitary confinement. What is it? One definition states, “Solitary confinement is the practice of isolating a prisoner in a closed cell for 23 to 24 hours a day-often for weeks or months, and sometimes for years or decades at a time.”(Rodriquez, S. 2011) What is a supermax prison? The National Institute of Corrections defines a supermax control unit as “a free-standing facility, or a distinct unit within a facility that provides for the management and secure control of inmates who have been officially designated as exhibiting violent or serious and disruptive behavior while incarcerated.” (Perkinson 2005) Being held in solitary confinement is, for most prisoners, a stressful experience with potentially harmful health effects. The prisoner is socially isolated from others, his human contacts reduced to superficial transactions with staff and infrequent contact with family and friends. He/She is almost completely dependent on prison staff, even more than is usual in the prison setting, for the provisions of all his or her basic needs, with their few movements tightly controlled and observed. Confinement to a small, sparsely furnished cell with little or no view of the outside world and with limited access to fresh aid and natural light, they live in an environment with little stimulation and few opportunities to occupy themselves. We’ll start with an overview of the history of solitary confinement. The first experiment of solitary confinement in the United States was in 1829 at the Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia. It was based on a Quaker belief that prisoners isolated in stone cells with only a Bible would use the time to repent, pray, and find introspection. But many of the inmates go insane, commit suicide, or are no longer able to function in society, and the practice was slowly abandoned during the following decades. In 1890, U.S. Supreme

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