Clark - 1 Native American Sovereignty James R. Clark For literally thousands of years Indian tribes lived as sovereign nations and enjoyed all of the benefits of a people who controlled their own destinies. According to K. Kickingbird, L. Kickingbird, C. Chibitty and C. Berkey, all from the Institute for the Development of American Indian Law, these sovereign rights include: “1. The power to make and enforce laws, 2. The power to define and regulate the use of its territory, 3. The power to determine membership or citizenship, 4.
Body tattooing was common to both genders. The Winnebago’s named themselves the Ho-chunk. The Ho-Chunks are originally from the Illinois and Wisconsin by the Great Lakes. In the 19th century the U.S. government forced the Winnebago and Ho-chunk tribes to move their reservations west of Wisconsin to Minnesota, North Dakota and finally in Nebraska. Through these moves, many tribe members returned to previous homes.
Experiences of the Native American Sheila Barkwell Cultural Diversity 09/08/2013 Rich Urfer Experience of the Native American The Native American are an important part of American history. At one time Native Americans lived peacefully and were content and established with their lands. Then, there came a time when they were forced to fight to protect their lands. Many Native Americans were killed while others were forced off of their lands by U.S. laws that were passed by various United States Presidents. This paper will demonstrate the different challenges that the Native American had to endure throughout history, and often still do.
A great topic which is among United States and the American Indians is the struggle for land and appropriate medical purposes, social, and educational purposes for past tribes. In the 1800's the Native Americans handed over almost all of their land to the U.S, in return for later social, medical educational purposes, and the obligation that they could have their reserved land later on. Still to this day, the United States government has not kept their promise to the Native Americans. The NCOAI (National Congress of American Indians) just now released an informational article about this subject, and it further explains how the federal government must keep their promise to the Native Americans for legal reasons. The federal government's responsibility is the legal agreement made by the United States government to the Indian tribes when the Indian lands had given away to the United States government.
This authorized him to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders, and appropriated $500,000 to cover the operating cost of removal. However the real cost of removal, human and financial was much greater. In the eight years that Jackson held office, the US Federal Government forced Indians to hand over more than 100 million acres of land, in return, only receiving 32 million acres of public land. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. During the fall and winter of 1838 and 1839, the Cherokees were forcibly moved west by the United States government.
Scalping Report Riley Taylor CHA 3U1 September 29,13 Long ago, before Christopher Columbus discovered America, the Native Americans ruled the land that we call home today. In 1492 European colonization of the Americas began and this is when the Europeans came into America. (Pálsson, Hermann (1965)) Many people today are curious as to who started scalping, The European colonists or the Native Americans. Did the Europeans introduce scalping to the Natives or were the Natives already practicing this before the colonists had arrived. Scalping is defined as the act of cutting or tearing the skin covering the top of the human head, or a peace of hide from the skull of certain animals, used as a trophy of victory.
The Native American Indians lived here for thousands of years before the Europeans arrived to lay claim to of the land for themselves. The American Indian is defined by the indigenous people of the area that is known as the United States. The Native Americans lived here for thousands, even millions of years before the Europeans arrived to lay their claim on the land Because of the mass of the land and the vast differences in the environment, families, or clans joined together to form tribes. The leaders of the tribes were called Chiefs. Who would make the decisions when the tribal council would meet?
Out of today’s population in the United States, a mere 0.8% is made up of what is referred to as Native American Decent (Macionis, 2012). One might think that out of the over 300 million people of various backgrounds, races, and ethnicities, this percentage of Native American descendants is a normal percentage. However, when reflecting on the history of the indigenous peoples of the pre-United States, colonial era, it is shocking to learn how they have faired over the last 500 years. Before the discovery of the land of what is now the United States, millions of natives occupied the lands. As the new settlers sought to take over the land, long periods of wars, forced displacement, massacres, imposition of treaties, and imposed hardships.
Under this, the remaining land was made available to settlers and orphans under the age of eighteen and other single people less than eighteen received 40 acres. Moreover, under this act, heads of families and single people over eighteen years were given allotments of 160 acres. The reason for doing this was to protect the native Indians from getting swindled. Another answer to what was the purpose of the Dawes Act is that this act aimed at a gendered training, involving farming and agriculture for men and homemaking for Indian women. All this was also an apparent attempt to civilize the Native Americans.
A Historical Report on Native Americans Angela Pusey ETH/125 September 22, 2013 Maria E. Miles, Ph.D. Candidate, LPC, LCDC A Historical Report on Native Americans The story of the Native Americans is one of the most unsettling chapters in American history. From a historian’s perspective, this ethnic group started with unimaginable oppression, warfare, and disease from the moment European immigrants landed in America. Even the name “Indian” was a mistake in their identity. Unfortunately, this label remains today, and we will never know what this race of people would be like today if they were never “discovered”.