SLIDE 1 Chapter 18 The Muslim World Expands, 1300–1700 Three great Muslim powers—the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires—emerge between 1300 and 1600. By 1700 all three were in decline. SLIDE 2 Section 1: The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire Section 2: Cultural Blending Case Study: The Safavid Empire Section 3: The Mughal Empire in India SLIDE 3 Section 1: The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire The Ottomans establish a Muslim empire that combine many cultures and lasted for more than 600 years. SLIDE 4 Section 1: The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire Turks Move into Byzantium Turkish Warriors • Many Turks live in Anatolia, on edge of Byzantine Empire • Many see themselves as ghazis—warriors who fight for Islam Osman Establishes a State • From 1300 to 1326, Osman, successful ghazi, builds state in Anatolia • Europeans
Starting in the early 1500s CE, in Persia and India, the Safavids and Mughals created powerful states, whose institutions and policies shared many similarities to the Ottoman Empire. Until their decline in the 1700s CE, these three Muslim states controlled the richest and most developed lands on three continents, and challenged Europeans for control of numerous seas and trade
Islam grew and spread rapidly east and west from Arabia to become a powerful rival to Christendon. Muhammad had to leave Mecca because his teachings angered many of its citizens. He went to Medina where he was accepted and became an important religious leader. In 622, Muhammad made a special journey to Mecca from the city of Medina which is 350 km to the north of Mecca. This journey is known in the Islamic calendar as the Hirja.
c. Bordered the Ottoman and Mughal Empires II. Duration a. The Safavid Dynasty was founded by Shah Ismael, which lasted from approximately 1501 to 1736 III. The Rise a. Safavid dynasty arose from the struggles of the rival Turkic nomadic groups and they were prominence as the frontier warrior champions of a highly militant strain of Islam (Shi’a). IV.
With the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, Islam spread across large parts of the subcontinent. In 1204, Bakhtiar Khilji led the Muslim conquest of Bengal, marking the eastern-most expansion of Islam at the time. So nowadays, many Hindus still think Islam is an invader’s religion. What’s more, after the Muslim conquest, British occupied India from 1858 to 1947. Then, a significant historical event called “Partition of India”happened on August 15, 1947.
What types of additional documentation would help access the rise and fall of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals? Historical Background Beginning in 1280, the Ottoman Turks rose from a minor frontier state to control most of Southeastern Europe, Southwest Asia, and parts of North Africa. For centuries, European Christians refused to ring church bells for fear that local inhabitants would think the Turks had invaded. Starting in the early 1500’s CE, in Persia and India, the Safavids and Mughals created powerful states, whose institutions and policies shared many similarities to the Ottoman Empire. Until their decline in the 1700’s CE, these three Muslim states controlled the richest and most developed lands on three continents, and challenged Europeans for
‘The rise of nationalist movements was the primary motive behind British decolonisation after 1945.’ The British Empire was the largest empire in history. At its peak, it consisted of 14 million square miles of territory and 400 million people. Yet, even though it had a history of over 400 years, it became redundant in 40. Imperialists such as Cecil Rhodes believed that the destiny of Britain was to colonise the world. Unfortunately, similar to the Roman Empire, its fall was both unanticipated and catastrophic.
Islam affected the Arabian Peninsula in many ways. This new religion had a massive affect on the Bedouin tribes of Arab nations. As Islam spread and gained popularity it began to change the Arab nations and it significantly impacted the social, cultural, religious, and economic on the Arabian Peninsula. Muhammad’s vision for the future of Islam Muhammad was born into one of the most tribes called the Quraish, which consisted of wealthy merchants. The tribe gained its power through trading along the west coast of Arabia, north to Syria, and south to Yemen.
At other times, the region existed in relative obscurity and isolation, although from the 7th century the cities of Mecca and Medina had the highest spiritual significance for the Islamic world, Mecca being the destination for the Hajj annual pilgrimage. For much of its history most of the region has been controlled by a patchwork of tribal rulers. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family), were originally minor tribal rulers in Nejd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahabbi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated.
I will also discuss their literature and how they use it to express their reactions to what is happening to them in the outside world. The Muslim world has always been a leading player in the global affairs from the eight to the eighteenth century. It is a religion which has borrowed and given a lot to other religions such as Hinduism and Christianity. For example, Hindus borrowed concepts from Muslim astronomy, medicine, metallurgy, etc and in return the Muslims studied the Vedas and the techniques of yoga and meditation. Also, the influence of Muslim gave rise to the purdah system in parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat in India.