He manages the agenda as well as summarising final decisions. This gives the Prime Minister great control over meetings, as he can direct them in a route which suits him. The Prime Minister also sets out the length of the meetings which determines the role and significance of the Cabinet. The Prime Minister has a power of patronage over the Church of England, senior judges and civil servants. This assists the Prime Minister in appointing ministers who are loyal supporters to the party.
Their job is to report directly to the President and assist in a wide variety of executive departments and agencies across the Federal Government to execute the priorities of the President. The OMB carries out its mission through five critical processes that are necessary to the President’s ability to plan and execute his priorities across the Executive branch. The first priority is budget development and execution which is a government wide process that is managed by the Executive Office of the President in which he executes decisions, policies, and actions in all areas. Priority two is management of agency performance, Federal procurement, financial management as well as IT information. They also review all significant Federal regulations by executive agencies, ensure there is consistency of agency legislative views and proposals and carry out Executive Orders and Presidential Memoranda to agency heads and officials.
First reading The legislative procedure begins with the first reading which is just a formality in both Houses. Second reading The Bill should have its second reading (in the case of Government Bills, within a fortnight). In the House of Commons a Bill is offered by a government minister. Then the outlooks of the Opposition and other parties are perceived. Although the Opposition in the Commons generally votes against it, a Bill progresses
In addition, in order to initiate constitutional amendments – a constitution amendment must be approved by a two-thirds majority in both houses before it can be sent to their states for their ratification. Both houses must also concur in a declaration of war, although this has occurred only five times, the last one being in 1941, when America declared war on Japan in the Second World War. Finally, they both have the power to confirm a newly appointed President, as seen with Gerald Ford in 1973 and Nelson Rockefeller in 1974.
After a bill is written it needs to be introduced into the House or the Senate. Rarely, bills will then be sent straight to the floor for review. However, a bill is almost always sent to the relevant committee for review. "The bill is referred to the appropriate committee by the Speaker of the House or the presiding officer in the Senate. Most often, the actual referral decision is made by the House or Senate parliamentarian.
Also under this plan, representation in both houses of the legislature, known as bicameral, would be proportioned, according to population. The lower house, The House of Representatives, was nominated by the people, and the upper house, The Senate, was elected by the state legislatures. Both houses were represented proportionally. This plan clearly favored and was supported by the larger states. The New Jersey Plan also proposed that the government ought to contain three branches: the legislative, executive and judicial.
Having conferences gives them the opportunity to participate in democracy because from listening to speeches by leaders, voters are more likely to be informed of what policies are going to be implemented by that party if they gain power which would encourage them to vote in the general election. Part B -10 Marks. Explain, with examples the differences between a two-party system and a multi-party system in the UK. A two party system is a system that is dominated by two ‘major; parties that have a roughly equal prospect of winning government power. A multiparty system is a party system in which more than two parties compete for power.
A function that demonstrates that the House of Commons is effective is because ministers are regularly questioned and held accountable. An advantage of this is that it increases constituency representation and scrutinises legislation. For example during Prime Minister question time MPs can bring different examples forward from their own constituencies which can allow them to demonstrates problems with a Bill, thereby representing people within their constituencies more. At election times the government becomes directly accountable to the people; for example in 2007 the Labour government saw popular support fall from 41%. In the House of Commons, Bills introduced under the ten-minute rule are one of the ways in which backbench MPs (private Members) can introduce legislation.
However, due to the industrial revolution, factory owners and those involved with business had the new wealth of Britain. This new wealthy middle class wanted a say in the running of the country, they argued that because they created a lot of the country’s wealth that they deserved a say in how the country is run. The working class was becoming more politically aware. This ways due to the development of the railways giving them access to political awareness. They thought that as the wealth creators of Britain that they also deserved a say in British politics.
To what extent are pressure groups coming more important in recent years? Pressure Groups are organised groups of people who come together, with a common cause with the intention of influencing government policy and/or public opinion. They are a key part of modern democracies. Some examples include Greenpeace, BMA (British Medical Association), CBI (Confederation of British Industry), the National Trust, and groups like the RSPCA. Pressure groups are becoming more powerful and influential and important in enhancing democracy.