The League of Nations: in Striving for Peace

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Timothy Shcherbinin The League of Nations: in striving for peace 1. The League The League of Nations foundation was the second attempt to establish an intergovernmental institution responsible for preventing the war. The first one was the establishment of the International Peace Bureau (IPB) on the initiative of the Inter-parliament Union (IPU) [1]. The necessity of the League foundation was proclaimed by Woodrow Wilson in his message to the US Congress known as the “14 points”. Point 14 says: “A general association of nations should be formed on the basis of covenants designed to create mutual guarantees of the political independence and territorial integrity of States, large and small equally” [2]. President Wilson became the chairman of the committee formed to make a draft of the Covenant between nations. The final version of the Covenant became the Part I of the Treaty of Versailles on 29 April 1919 [3]. The institutional body of the League of Nations (LON) consisted of the Assembly and the Council (both assisted by the Permanent Secretariat), and the Permanent Court of International Justice. In September of each year, an Assembly of all the Member States met in Geneva. Each Member State had one vote and was permitted up to three delegates [3]. The Council was formed by the four permanent members: France, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Germany joined in 1926, but left in 1935 [3]. The early period of the LON work was rather bright and successful. The LON was able to solve peacefully several international conflicts such as Sweden-Finland conflict around the Aaland islands in 1920, the Polish-Lithuanian conflict around Vilna in 1922, the Greek-Bulgarian armed conflict in 1925. But after these inspirational affairs the LON suffered the heavy loss of its reputation being unable to stop the Manchurian conflict between China and
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