The Health Hazard Of Smoking

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Paragraph 1 Cigarettes contain more than 4000 chemical compounds and at least 400 toxic substances. When you inhale, a cigarette burns at 700°C at the tip and around 60°C in the core. This heat breaks down the tobacco to produce various toxins. As a cigarette burns, the residues are concentrated towards the butt. The products that are most damaging are: • tar, a carcinogen (substance that causes cancer) • nicotine is addictive and increases cholesterol levels in your body • carbon monoxide reduces oxygen in the body • components of the gas and particulate phases cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). The damage caused by smoking is influenced by: • the number of cigarettes smoked • whether the cigarette has a filter • how the tobacco has been prepared. Paragraph 2 Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death due to smoking. Hardening of the arteries is a process that develops over years, when cholesterol and other fats deposit in the arteries, leaving them narrow, blocked or rigid. When the arteries narrow (atherosclerosis), blood clots are likely to form. Smoking accelerates the hardening and narrowing process in your arteries: it starts earlier and blood clots are two to four times more likely. Cardiovasular disease can take many forms depending on which blood vessels are involved, and all of them are more common in people who smoke. • Coronary thrombosis: a blood clot in the arteries supplying the heart, which can lead to a heart attack. Around 30 per cent are caused by smoking. • Cerebral thrombosis: the vessels to the brain can become blocked, which can lead to collapse, stroke and paralysis. • If the kidney arteries are affected, then high blood pressure or kidney failure results. • Blockage to the vascular supply to the legs may lead to gangrene and amputation. Smokers tend to develop coronary thrombosis 10 years earlier

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