Mill later struggled with the concepts of utilitarianism because it was too unemotional and failed to capture or understand the ‘higher’ pleasure of happiness without pain. Bentham’s theory failed to acknowledge the complexities like emotion. However, Mill did not reject Bentham’s ideas of pleasure fulfillment; he created a more complex version of utilitarianism, yet one that still embraces the most basic premises of Bentham and of his father, James Mill. Mill defines utilitarianism as a theory based on the principle that "actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness." Mill defines happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain.
Charlotte does not desire love or happiness, but asks ‘only for a comfortable home’ (106), and believes that ‘happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance’ (18). Austen contrasts this conventional view of a sensible, convenient marriage with Elizabeth’s desire for love and harmony in a marriage. Elizabeth’s contrast to Charlotte is evident as early as chapter 6, where Charlotte speaks of Jane’s need to ‘secure’ Bingley, and once she does, there will be ‘leisure for falling in love’ (17). Charlotte’s belief that it is better to know little about someone before marriage and the idea that happiness in marriage is determined by ‘chance,’ is countered with Elizabeth’s view of love in marriage, who tells Charlotte that this advice ‘is not sound’ (18). Elizabeth refuses ‘to be treated as a commodity in the marriage market,
The two men are on completely different ends of some form superiority complex. Gatsby apparently does not care about what the world thinks of him. He simply has an overwhelmingly grand amount of hope, and it is this hope that motivates him to live onward towards the future. These two characters work well together because Gatsby shows Carraway that there is a difference between thinking your superior and actually being superior. [Tom] In chapter two, Fitzgerald introduces the Buchanans.
Austen succeeds in showing how the prideful nature of Darcy is unacceptable to Elizabeth and thus the reader knows that her refusal is based on her need for respect and love in a marriage. Lady Catherine insults Elizabeth when she thinks that she can manipulate Elizabeths happiness for her own image because Elizabeth in not “rich” enough for lady Catherine's fancy. When Lady Catherine visits Elizabeth and demands that she does not accept Darcy's proposal, Elizabeth refuses by saying, “ I am only resolved to act in that manner, which will, in my own opinion, constitute my happiness, without reference to you, or to any person so wholly unconnected with me"(Chapter 13 Vol.
II. The Absurd. The absurd is a disproportion or conflict between our expectations or ideals and reality. In particular, it is the confrontation between our longing pr nostalgia for order, meaning and clarity on the one hand with the chaos, confusion, and irrationality of the world on the other hand; between the human longing for happiness and the evil in t he world. The absurd is not in man alone nor in the world alone, but in the juxtaposition of the two: “The world in itself is not reasonable, that is all that can be said.
In simpler language, it means to aim for perfection. On the surface, it sounds nice, but all this ignores the basic human trait, the one shared across cultures, languages, and races: imperfection. To be human is to be errant. Thus, the dreams of idealists often get dashed and projects they attempt often end either in failure or at least "less than they could have been." On the other hand, realism means "the inclination towards literal truth and pragmatism" (ibid).
Existentialism is the belief that "the universe" doesn't care if man is here or not. Weather it be one man or man kind itself. There are several different factors when it comes to existentialism. Even though Meursault has bad luck, The Stranger is an example of existentialism because Meursault is indifferent and Meursault is at the mercy of the universe. Existentialism is all about responsibility.
It's hard to settle such an intense love with the choice she makes, but somehow she is able to work out the reasoning in her head; “I've no business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven; and if the wicked man in there not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldn't have thought of it. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love
Albert Camus presents an unorthodox and absurdist approach towards analyzing “The Myth of Sisyphus”. He deems Sisyphus as an absurdist hero in an attempt to convey an absurdist philosophy of life. The myth entails an idea that life ultimately has no meaning, and in order to achieve happiness in life we must accept the meaningless of life. If we are devoid of hope to achieve something preferable compared to our current position in life, then we will live in pleasure. If we accept in the end, that there is no preferable meaning of life that is to be attained, then we can accept our fate without grief.
Love is perhaps the most actively sought moral objective of one's life. And though marriage is often thought to be the logical consequence of love, it is Oscar Wilde's contention in his satire, The Importance of Being Earnest, that love begets bliss and marriage thwarts this course of bliss. Algernon Moncrieff spends very little time falling in love and the rest of the time striving toward engagement. Wilde demonstrates through him that once one becomes intent upon achieving a goal, the individual's motivation becomes a matter of action rather than truth. Algernon is no longer driven by a moral objective; instead, he becomes intent upon achieving a societal standard.