The Pope ordered Bernard of Clairvaux (in France) to preach a second crusade to take it back and defeat Zangi. From beginning to end, though, this crusade was not successful. Most of Conrad's soldiers were killed as they marched through Turkey. Third Crusade 1187–1192:The Third Crusade was caused by the capture of Jerusalem in 1187 by Saladin, the sultan of Egypt. Saladin was the enemy of the English crusades.
Also according to the High Middle Ages Chapter, the fourth crusade also added to the schism that existed between the Eastern and Western Churches. The crusaders sort of sell out to Alexius IV, who arranged to pay for their debts to the Doge in return that they attack Constantinople so that he may gain the throne. Pope Innocent III warned them not to attack Constantinople because they were fellow Christians. The crusaders advance Alexius IV to the throne, but he was later strangled by Alexius Ducas who also wanted the throne. The crusaders with the help of the Venetians rebelled and they sacked Constantinople for three days against the warnings from the pope.
After capturing and taking over Syria, Persia, and Egypt, Muslims from turkey eventually defeated the eastern emperor at manzikert in 1071, and then just 5 years later captured Jerusalem. After the 11th century, the Turks began to move westwards from central Asia looking for new pastures for their herds. The Turkish Muslims didn’t really agree with Christian pilgrims visiting the holy land and treated them not very nice at all. Because of this constant mistreatment and violence the Christians became very angry, and made the Eastern Emperor, Alexius I, was very worried. The Turks had already began to capture parts of his empire.
The Crusaders came to an agreement with the City of Venice, which had been demanding payment for the 500 ships they provided for the crusade. The Crusaders did not have the financial means to repay, so they offered instead to capture the Adriatic port of Zara, which Venice needed to support its seafaring power. Zara fell in 1202 and soon after it succumbed, the army was again redirected, this time by Alexius IV, son of the Emperor Isaac II. Alexius offered the Crusaders 200,000 marks of greatly needed funding, reunification of the Orthodox and Roman churches, and a large army for a crusade, if the crusaders would help restore his father to the throne. The majority of the crusaders agreed to the proposition and in 1203, headed toward Constantinople.
Alright let’s talk about the 5 crises that lead to this war. The first crises known as the first Morocco crises took place in 1905. Basically who ever had Morocco as a colony controlled the only door that connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean, and that country would be France, and basically Germany had a long history with France so they would interfere in French affairs and egg Morocco on to claim independence from France. France caught on too this and faced Germany and the eventually ended talking this down. The next crises is the Balkan crises taking place in 1908.
Spain was able to support a large standing army of about 50,000 soldiers (Army and Navy). Philip believed it was his duty to defend Catholicism against the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire and the Protestants of Europe. In 1571, the pope called on all Catholic princes to take up arms against the mounting power of the Ottoman Empire. More than 200 Spanish and Venetian ships defeated a large Ottoman fleet at a fierce battle near Lepanto. In 1588, Phillip launches the Spanish Armada in an attempt to punish Protestant subjects who had rebelled against Phillip, but this fleet was defeated.
Napoleon's first major mistake was made in March of 1808, when Napoleon intervened in a dispute between the present king of Spain and the king's son. He placed them both in prison and put his own brother on the throne. The people of Spain did not take too kindly to this act and so began a bloody war that was not defined by major battles, but by guerrilla warfare that kept a large number of French troops occupied to keep control of the country. French troops would end up executing hundreds of Spaniards who were thought to be resisting French power. Britain saw an opportunity to weaken Napoleon's empire by landing 13,000 troops on the coast of Portugal, where they made their way up along Spain's coastline.
In my opinion, the Battle of Bosworth was a closely fought battle which was contested bravely and was of tactics and tactician, as well as weapons and brute strength. Around about 1st August, Henry Tudor and his troops left from France towards Wales using the sea, coming to a stop at Milford Haven. Henry Tudor was to Rebel and fight against King Richard III who was ruler of England in quite eccentric circumstances involving the disappearance of princes Edward V and his younger brother Richard Duke of York who where to be future kings before being, I think, murdered by Richard Plantagenet for himself to be crowned. After arriving in the Welsh town Henry stayed for up to a week, and then entered England to go towards London. In the battle Henry relied on the Stanleys, another family of great power originally from Lancashire.
In May 1940 Germany was dominating the French in France and so the Allies had to withdraw to the beaches Dunkirk. There was then a huge operation to evacuate the soldiers by the navy and small boats sailed there by volunteers to rescue roughly 350,000 French and English troops. This left only Britain to be defeated for Germany to have defeated and captured the whole of Western Europe. Hitler’s next operation was to invade Britain. Hitler knew that the German Navy was too small to control the English Channel but he believed that with the Luftwaffe he could successfully defeat Britain.
Occurring predominantly in Europe and the Middle East, the Crusades began in 1095 and officially ended in 1291 (History.com staff, 2010). This being said, the causes can be traced back to 1081 when Alexius Comnenus gained the Byzantine throne, becoming Emperor Alexius I, after years of chaos and invasions by the Seljuk Turks (History.com staff, 2010). In due time Emperor Alexius would begin to set his sights on reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims. Seeing that this task would require more than the Byzantine’s men, he reached out to Pope Urban II of the Roman Catholic Church asking him for troops (History.com staff, 2010). The Pope made his decision public at the 1095 Council of Clermont in Southern France where he raised the proposal for all able Western Christians to raise arms to aid the Byzantines.