Central to Freud's theory, and perhaps his greatest contribution to psychology, is the notion that our psyche is composed of parts within our awareness and beyond our awareness. Freud used the term psychoanalysis to label his theories and techniques for identifying and curing the mental problems of his patients. This essay will outline the main concepts that surround Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, thus showing how it can help us understand our clients presenting issues. In order for me to do this I will firstly describe the psychosexual stages in relation to personality development followed by briefly identifying some of the main criticisms. I will lastly concentrate on discussing the applications of his theory to therapy today.
At the conclusion of this paper the reader will have a clear understanding of the work of all these theorists and the contributions they made to society. Freud, a medical doctor, physiologist, psychologist, and founder of the first Viennese school of psychoanalysis, is considered to be the father of psychoanalysis (iep.utm.edu). His theories and concepts changed the world of psychology, not only through his direct contribution but also because his contributions created the foundation for others to expand on. Some of the others who were influenced and motivated by Freud were: Adler, Jung, Erikson, and Horney. They were able to utilize the findings of Freud as a base line and with their own ideologies, concepts, and theories, contribute to various areas in the field of psychology.
“This program aims to reduce recidivism and increase pro-social behavior by changing the offenders' thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs through research-based cognitive programming. The Cognitive-Behavioral program is designed to change criminal thinking and behavior. Using this approach holds offenders accountable for their behavior. The interventions are structured and directive, and has demonstrated effectiveness in changing criminal behavior in numerous scientific studies. Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT) is an objective, systematic treatment system used within the Cognitive-Behavioral program to enhance ego, social, moral, and positive behavioral growth in a progressive systematic fashion.
Examination of Clinical Psychology PSY/480 May 21, 2012 Examination of Clinical Psychology The abundant history of clinical psychology extends from primitive Greek theorists to Sigmund Freud, to present-day psychology at which point exists prosperous knowledge extracted from philosophy, science, and additional fields. Scientific analysis maintains to revolutionize and advance clinical intercession as the empirically derived data reinforces the standards whereby clinical psychologists’ deliberate human encounters. Even though an assortment of differences remain among clinical psychologists and additional psychological fields each bear hardships to stimulate an improved life essence for and from
The quantitative psychometric testing and the experimental tradition in which individual difference can be known were the dominant methodologies for many decades. As Hollway (2007) would concur that scientific tradition had been historically a power related establishment that was central to the way knowledge was produced. This frustration let some clinicians, for whom the problem of individual differences became a salient feature in psychotherapy proposed an alternative theory: a personal construct theory that understood people lived experience and was freed from the constraints of the scientific tradition. In a sense, people constructing themselves by engaging in a context that is fluid and complex and always changing, rather than fixed and predictable. The personal construct theory is a critical social approach, a protest theory in reaction to psychometric and the experimental tradition (Butt, 2007).
They are shown to people and they must respond with what they see. The rationale behind this test is that certain aspects of the subject’s personality will be exposed as they are interpreting the images, allowing for the possible diagnosis of various psychological disorders. This type of testing began in the 1920’s and was invented by a Swiss psychiatrist named Hermann Rorschach. However, the Rorschach was revived in the 1970s with the publication of John Exner’s Comprehensive System, which detailed standards and norms for analyzing results. The CS was credited with providing a concrete, scientific basis for the Rorschach test and it became widely used in clinical and forensic settings.
Sigmund Freud was one of the most powerful intellectuals of his time. He was the tower of strength in which psychoanalysis was created, with his brilliant thoughts and researches he cultivated theories and teachings that is the groundwork for several school of thoughts for psychology. Freud’s theoretical positions incorporate the ideas of repression, the unconscious, and the infantile sexuality. These three groups offered an explanation for the formation of the mind and also suggestions for the perceptive of psychological development of an individual. According to the author, “Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, the unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict”.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Theory Assignment Cogitative Behavioural Therapy, also referred to as CBT, has its roots in the work of early behaviourist such as Ivan Pavlov, Burrhus Frederic Skinner & Hans Eysenck & the cognitive therapy movement inspired by Albert Ellis & Aaron Beck. Behaviour Therapy came into being due to changing views about Freud’s psychodynamic approach, which had dominated scientific beliefs since its inception during the early 1900’s. Behavioural Therapy was used extensively throughout the 1950’s & 1960’s & was considered very successful, especially when used with client’s who had anxiety issues or obsessive-compulsive disorders. However during the 1970’s some therapists were becoming frustrated with traditional Behavioural Therapy as it tended to focus on correcting behaviours without focussing on how thoughts & emotions impacted on a person & prevented behavioural change taking place. Ellis, whose work was influenced by Alfred Adler & behaviourists John Dollard & Joseph Wolpe, began developing what is now known as Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT).
Skinner's staunch behaviorism made him a dominating force in psychology and therapy techniques based on his theories are still used extensively today, including behavior modification and token economies. When people think of psychology, many tend to think of Sigmund Freud. His work supported the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes and he also offered evidence that cultural differences have an impact on psychology and behavior. His work and writings contributed to our understanding of personality, clinical psychology, human development, and abnormal
Ovbiagele et al. (2013, p. 2361) further note that age is the most significant risk factor for all stroke types, especially ischemic stroke, with incidence of the condition increasing by a factor of more than two every ten years after the age of fifty-five years. Stroke is among the major causes of adult disability because of not only the incapacitating initial symptoms, but also the severe impairment in essential activities such as speech and walking that usually extends