The Mayan small city-states system collapsed because of infighting among small kingdoms. Both these civilizations were once a powerful state, although, they both decline due to rebellion from small kingdoms. Economically, the Shang and Mesoamerica both relied greatly on agricultural. The Shang relied on the generous portion of agricultural productions from the regions they controlled. They also use its stable agricultural surplus to build a trade-centered civilization.
Alexander was hopelessly out of touch with the emerging realities of a modern Russia. For example, agriculture was exploited as a source of export earnings; this helped cause a series of famines, especially in 1891. This made him hugely unpopular as he took grain from the people in an attempt to make money and improve the economy. Due to his slow intelligence and lack of experience, Alexander forgot the fundamental rule of keeping his people happy and instead chose to supress them. He did not realise that, following Alexander II’s emancipation of the serfs in 1861, he could not return to a state of rigid autocracy when the serfs had already had some freedom.
Due to this debt the government then resulted in printing money and this resulted in inflation. Inflation destroyed savings of the middle class and especially effected land owners as they relied on rent. State employees and factory workers purchasing power fell by 25% because of the value of the Iire. The state also spent 148 billion lire on the war effort and inflation increased with the price index quadrupling, and rising from 100 in 1914 to 413 in 1918. Conscription soaked up rural unemployment and some peasants grew prosperous.
This decreased the income of money going into the government which was used for military and other government worthy things. The result of that led to higher taxation on citizens which made the people of Rome upset and ended up having less money to buy necessities and other things to keep the economy rolling. Another important reason was the abundance of slaves in Rome. The large quantity of slaves help lead to the growth of latifundia which is large land estates, consisting mostly of slaves for farming. This ruined the farmers of Rome which in result, they drifted to cities that helped add more unemployment to the cities.
Although if people with such power are unable to maintain control, their society usually collapses and resolves in chaos. As for Rome, emperors were often selected by violence or by birth, so the head of government was not always capable and eventually it came to the point where it was too large to govern effectively. This caused people to retreat to rural areas, Civil wars between political groups, there were corruption in the military, prices increased, trade decreased. The empire was quickly reducing allowing the Huns, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals, Saxons and other barbarian tribes to take control over the empire. Social factors involve people’s beliefs and the way they set up their behaviours.
There were many failures in collectivisation, particularly in the initial phases - output fell in the 1930s largely for three reasons; the peasants resented the state taking their land, machinery and livestock, so they did not work as hard and put more effort into their private plots, where they could keep any profit generated - who wouldn't? These private plots - some 5% of the land provided as much as 25% of the agricultural produce of the country. Alongside the implementation of collectivisation was the policy of liquidating the kulaks. The Party said these were rich farmers - in reality they were the better farmers, they had improved their
It has been stated that the very success of the Roman Republic in war and imperial expansions led to its defeat. While this statement makes several valid points, it is likely that numerous other facets functioned in the fall of the Republic---especially that of Senatorial corruption and its ensuing lack of popularity. Gradually and with little warning, the surface of Roman life as a Republic began to transform at a rate that threatened the very fabric of the governing body. With the commencement of the second Punic war, a great disproportion of wealth grew evident. Whereas prior most plebeians were farmers or laborers who owned small but significant portions of property or earned adequate payment for their toils, upon the second Punic War, Hannibal destroyed this land, leaving plebeians homeless with little source of income.
Germanys list of problems at this time was only growing. Losing WW1 caused many problems in itself as one might expect, never mind the Treaty of Versailles that was to follow. The most prominent socio-economic effects were most naturally the casualties, 2 million Germans were killed and a further 6 million were injured, also the increasing number of civilian deaths due to hypothermia and starvation. The reason these deaths increased, was due to food and fuel shortages caused by the cold winter of 1916-17. In these winter months there were signs of the country’s morale and unity breaking, it was not helped when Germany was hit with an influenza epidemic, wiping out 20-40 million, the resistance to the disease was lowered due to decline in living conditions.
The collapse of the Roman Empire was a calamity; it leads to the Dark (Middle) Ages. Seeing all the bad that came of it, the destruction of art, the collapse of great cities, the deterioration of the system of roads, the ruin of the Mediterranean trade, and the loss of European unity--it's difficult to imagine any good came of it. But some good did result. The break up of the empire led to the abolition of slavery in Europe. Of course, this, in turn, led to more poverty and the increase of latifundia because the poor people lost their land to the aristocrats.
This incompatibility stifled the coalition's progress. The high hopes of a "land fit for heroes" meant this lack of progress especially hurt his reputation in office. This internal factor was thereby key in helping the Conservatives engineer his downfall. This lack of progress was also due to a general downturn in the economy: caused by WW1 and the growth of competition abroad. A policy of retrenchment was introduced after a short boom.