This money of course came from merchants who made massive profits lending to the nobles. This war expenditure typically went to the northern cities in Italy which uplifted them greatly. Many of those Italian cities such as Genoa and Venice later became some of the centers of the renaissance. The positive transfers were typically east to west because Europe was vastly underdeveloped compared to the middle east. After being attacked multiple times the Muslims began to lose respect for the Europeans in multiple ways, they were not impressed with Europe's military might or technology.
If the crusade was successful a potential power vacuum would open up in the East for the determined wishing to better themselves. There were also spiritual reasons why Jerusalem was so significant to the crusaders. It was the centre of the Christian world where Jesus was believed to have lived, died and resurrected. Furthermore it was the location of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. This religious incentive was reinforced by the Popes promise of the salvation/remission of sins for all those who made the journey to Jerusalem.
How far was the Catholic Church in Germany ripe for reform before 1517? There are many contributing factors as to how ripe the Catholic Church was for reformation, one of these was the corruption of the Church. To the people at the time, priests were incredibly important; they had the responsibility of preventing souls from going to hell and were the only ones who could administer the sacraments which would guarantee salvation. However, usually priests would only do this in exchange for money which led the church to be riddled with abuses as the priests only seemed interested in amassing wealth rather than taking care of their parishioners spiritually. Other abuses included simony, nepotism, pluralism and absenteeism.
Henry needed the money for power so that he could then build a stronger army and fight more wars. This would then show that he was a powerful king. Money is not the most important reason but it is an important reason. Another reason he broke from the Roman Church is because he wanted power and control over his people. Henry wanted to make sure that he was in total control of England so he needed to get rid of anyone that might threaten his position including the pope.
The church lost the trust and support of the people first because of the effects of the Crusades which resulted in many difficulties and new ideas and then was unable to provide the answers and services that the people expected during the times of famine and plague. Pope Urban II called for the Crusades during his speech at the council of Clermont. He promised the forgiveness of all sins for the warriors, spoke about atrocities committed by the Saracens against Christians and finally, convinced them that they had to take Jerusalem back because it was their holy city. The response by nobles to his exaggerated accounts was overwhelming. They sold their land to finance their journeys; left their manors unmanaged and took up the cause for faith .
He believed that the indulgences were unjust because the indulgences were aimed at wealthy people who had the money to buy them while poor peasants were too poor to afford them. John Calvin believed in pre-destination, a belief that people were chosen to go to heaven or hell when they were born, and nothing can change that. He also brought reformation in the city of Geneva, restricting gambling and dancing. Martin Luther was born on November 10, 1483. He is famous for his 95 Theses, where he attacked the Catholic Church for selling indulgences and the corruption in the church.
These divisions do not simply apply to the Pope’s reasoning but also of course to the varying masses of people who took up the cross [Riley-Smith, 113]. The overall result of the First Crusade was: that against all odds the crusading army defeated the ‘infidel’ armies of the East and conquered their idolized holy lands, but also that the papacy now spread its riches through to the East. Considering this all stemmed from one enigmatic presentation by the Pope, this leaves one with the question, was there a more political than simply righteous motive for the First Crusade? To consider the economic causes of the First Crusade the monetary climate within Western Europe must be evaluated. Western Europe prior to the First Crusade was struggling through outbreaks of plague and famine.
The Arno River had been a trade route for centuries, merchants and traders had prospered in Florence since before the Roman Empire. Florence did have some struggles when they first started as a republic, but all of that changed in 1435 when one powerful family known as the Medici family took control of the city under their leadership Florence became the center of the renaissances.
The Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533) was a step forward for Henry – while the other legislation was primarily aimed at weakening the Church financially, this act reduced Rome’s political power by preventing people appealing to Rome against a decision made by the powers in England. In historical context Henry’s intentions were clear – that he would secure a divorce in an English court and prevent any appeal to the uncooperative Pope. However, it also signified a milestone in a wider context, as it was the beginning of the removal of the Pope’s powers in England. 1534 brought the Act of First Fruits and Tenths, which forced the clergy to pay the king a large amount of their income, 10% of their annual income and part of the initial windfall that a member of the clergy gets for joining a monastery. After these acts had been passed Henry and his advisors began their attack on the opposition to the break with Rome with attacks on the Carthusians and the Observant Franciscans and the
He won over the support of the Catholic Church as Mussolini’s fascist squads were destroying socialism, he also offered to aid the church financially, and he introduced policies specifically to gain church support. Mussolini won the support of The Confindustria and the landowners because his fascist squads were destroying socialism, Mussolini’s new economic policies suited them, and he allowed them to water down fascist syndicalism. The Army supported Mussolini because the fascist squads were destroying socialism, the army was unwilling to suppress the fascists by force, and Mussolini subordinated the militia to the Army. This meant that Mussolini reduced his opposition and increased his allies; here his political skill meant he would face less resistance whilst enforcing his regime. However, despite Mussolini’s political skill, his opposition groups were badly divided.