In cultural psychology the mental processes are compared with the society and the individual who has grown up in that society. Comparatively, cross-cultural psychologists systematically research behavior across cultures in different cultural situations (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Critical Thinking Critical thinking in cross-cultural psychology is important because cross-cultural psychology is about identifying the similarities and differences in individuals and how they function in his or her culture. Critical thinking is about making realistic, valid and reasonable evidence. Critical thinking is described as maintaining an attitude that is open=minded and doubtful (Shiraev & Levy, 2010).
This psychology is extremely complex and is a definite link with cultural psychology. Cultures are rarely homogeneous so within the same setting individuals have to be assessed in a culturally appropriate manner. Defining Cross-Cultural Psychology Cross-cultural psychology uses critical thinking and comparative studies of the cultural effects on human psychology (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). In this comparative field, at least two cultural groups are observed and compared by the essential component of critical thinking. Cross-cultural psychology studies the relations between cultural standards and behavior and also in the manner how certain activities influence individuals by dissimilar cultural forces (Shiraev & Levy, 2010).
It is during this visit among the Gebusi that Knauft introduces two concepts which must be kept in mind when trying to evaluate or understand any culture. The first concept that Knauft introduces is cultural values, which are notions of morality that a group of people or society embraces and emphasizes. While the second is what Knauft calls the underside of culture, these are beliefs and practices that occur, but which directly contradict the cultural values a society normally emphasizes. For example the Gebusi use the term Kogwayay to explain their culture “ … the term represents their concept of culture itself- the beliefs, practices, and style of living that are special and unique to the Gebusi people” ( p.17). However, this term when deconstructed only presents the positive aspects of Gebusi culture, such as togetherness/ friendship, pleasant conversation and joking/cheering.
‘The comparison of two texts in terms of how the contexts of each shape form and meaning necessarily involves consideration of key perceptions into the human condition they offer?’ When we compare two texts, consideration is given to the effect of context and how it shapes form besides meaning. To what extent has this been your experience in your study? The context affects the differences in the meaning and form between two texts. It is evident in Jane Austen’s 1816 novel Persuasion and 1998 film Shakespeare in Love directed by John Madden. The 1998 film is set in the Elizabethan times despite the modernity of the form.
These variables include social identity, gender, ethnicity, social class, and culture. They lead to many significant differences in behavior and mental processes, especially across cultures (Triandis, 1996; Peplau & Taylor, 1997). What do you think is going to be discussed in the next paragraph? Why? ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ Culture has been defined as the accumulation of values, rules of behavior, forms of expression, religious beliefs, occupational choices, and
Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Karie R. Shepherd Ivy Tech Community College Abstract The study of sociology allows us to understand the relationship between people and other cultures. As we define culture by a set of norms and values, we can also study how these cultures can often change over time. Several concepts, such as ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, can often change the way we think or view other cultures. These topics become more relevant as you read Horace Miner’s “Body Ritual Among the Nacirema” and force us to put these ideas into practice. How this short, but satirical, piece makes us initially feel or perhaps react to other cultures can say a lot about who we are as a person and our level of understanding and tolerance
Running head: PERSONALITY OVERVIEW Personality Overview Joyce Hauk University of Phoenix Theories of Personality PSY/405 Jackie Grimmett Jun 16, 2012 Personality Overview Various theories allow a multitude of perspectives and since there are numerous personalities that differ from each other immensly, diverse theories are necessary for a better perspective of an individual. Personality theories are best explained by viewing two different theories and comparing how they operate against one another. Comparing these theories can help one discover more about their own personal strengths and weaknesses, assumptions, limitations, as well as what information is considered when attempting to enlightenment an individual about
Abstract The article “The Culture-Cognitive Connection,” written by Lea Winerman, explained the recent research on Westerners and East Asians and the differences in their cognitive processes based on their heritage. Psychologist Richard Nisbett, PhD (2006) researched East Asians and Western Americans and the differences in the ways they view the world. The studies are based on how the people’s cultural backgrounds affect their cognitive processes such as categorization, learning, causal reasoning, and even attention and perception. There are examples of case studies, from simple to complex observations, giving evidence to the connection. A Review of “The Culture-Cognition Connection” In the Culture and Cognition Program at the University of Michigan, psychologist Richard Nisbett, PhD (2005), and his colleagues study how people’s cultural backgrounds affect their basic cognitive processes.
A comparative study of texts enhances understanding of the values and contexts of each text. Discuss how Frankenstein and Blade Runner are shaped by their respective contexts in order to examine the significance of disruption and responsibility. When we compare texts written in different time periods we expect them to reflect the different contexts in which they were composed and conceived. However, a comparative study of these two texts benefits the responder by enriching understanding of both texts. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus and Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner are clearly shaped by their contexts, yet both express the same concerns that resonate with today’s society.
The differences of workgroup norms and behavior between high- and low-context cultures Hema Rohira COM-623-7325-Global Communication 10/23/2012 Professor Efrem Lieber Abstract Anthropologist, Edward T. Hall, in his book “Beyond Culture “presented the terms, High Context culture and Low context Culture, denoting inherent cultural differences between societies. As per, Hall, in, “High context culture most of the information is either in the physical context or initialized in the person” while, in, “Low context culture the mass of information is vested in the explicit code”. In order to understand the above definitions, we need to dwell more on these two sets of cultures in terms of their attitude towards relationships, tasks, time, and group, and individuality, verbal nonverbal words and the essence of gestures and body language in the communication. In High context culture the choice of words is essence since few words can communicate entire message effectively in the group belonging to that culture, the context, gestures and body language play significant role in the communication. The people belonging to this culture keep relationships on high pedestal, groups are valued over individuals, the group relies on their background to explain the situation, rather than words doing it.