There were settlements for disputes that may come up amongst citizens. All individuals were required to act and be grounded by morals and ethics that were set up for society. Draco’s law is the first laws to be written in Greece 621 BC. It is known to be one of the3 harshest laws there was. Most of the punishments even for the most minor crimes was death.
The Code of Hammurabi was a set code of rules that were enforced by King Hammurabi, the king of Babylon. These laws were meant to bring peace to a nation. The Code of Hammurabi is divided into 12 sections with 284 laws. There are many laws that reflect the same idea’s from the 12 tables, and there are some differences as well. Here are some of the laws from the Code of Hammurabi, you will notice that these laws are a lot more specific and sound a little more primitive than the 12 tables.
The Code of Hammurabi was developed by King Hammurabi and governed the Mesopotamamian society. This code was derived from the Sumerian laws. It contained 282 laws that governed a vast array of daily life. Draco’s law was developed in ancient Greece. The punishment for most violations was death.
Hammurabi concord the first and second, third proved to be a little bit of a challenge, but he managed to have the Babylonian people contribute in their own way to Mesopotamian civilization. One of his greatest accomplishments was the proclamation of the law codes that were used offers us today a wealth of information on what life was like during Mesopotamian times. All though these laws give us a look into the Mesopotamian life, they were not the first; in fact the earliest goes back to about 2100 B.C. Hammurabi proclaimed that he issued these laws on divine authority “to establish law and justice in the language of the land, thereby promoting the welfare of the people.” Some of those laws included laws about marriage, laws about land owning, laws about adoption, laws about murder and the death penalty, as well as suspicion, and anything to do with owning slaves, exiling people. Any contract was also included under the Laws of Hammurabi.
Bill of right is a natural right of liberty and freedom which also puts limit on government’s power. Second, difference is In Hammurabi’s Law Code; there is a specific punishment for each unique crime. For example, According to Hammurabi’s Law Code, the punishment for falsely accusing a man of any felony is death and more others punishments like “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”. And he also sorted his code into groups such as family, labor, personal property, real estate, trade, and business. This was the first time in history that any laws had been categorized into various sections.
Criminal law arrived in the US in the form of common law, brought by the colonists from their native European, African, and Asian homelands (Robinson, 2007). This miasma wrought political havoc, as differing ideologies sought to deal with the matter of crime and punishment. Add to this, the problem of managing a federalist system, with centralized and local authority or sovereignty, requiring two systems of courts: Federal and State (Ryan, 2009). As early as 1776, Thomas Jefferson proposed legislation in the newly declared State of Virginia, hoping to enact reforms based upon the theory of prevention outlined in the works of Cesare Beccaria, developed by Jeremy Bentham, and made usable by John Stuart Mill (Robinson 2007). These efforts were to no avail.
HOW DID LAW & PUNISHMENT IMPACT ON ROMAN SOCIETY? The Ancient Romans were one of the earliest civilisations to have a well functional legal system. During the earliest years of Ancient Rome, kings and priests made judgements, and punishments were made by the ruler. In 450, land owning citizens called plebs, felt they were entitled to know and be able to interpret the code of the laws so the Twelve Tables were established. The law of the Twelve Tables was the ancient legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law.
One of his most famous rulings was the Marbury vs Madison case, which established the principle of judicial review, the power of the Supreme Court to rule whether or not a law is constitutional or not. This brought the government under the law for the first time. Another case that influenced the way America was governed was the McCullouch vs. Maryland case. Marshall ruled that the states could not pass laws that violated the constitution. Marshall also persuaded his fellow justices to adopt a new way of delivering opinions.
The English Bill of Rights of 1689 was similar to the United States Constitution regarding the first eight amendments. The main purpose of this bill is to grant the people basic human rights for freedom of speech, right to bear arms for defense and be granted the right to a democratic process in which would limit the Monarch rule. It made it possible for citizens to voice their opinions without fear of strict punishment for speaking out against the hierarchy. It was the first step in a long process towards democracy for
The history shows us the many reforms and which ones had actually worked. Sir Robert Peel This all goes back to the English Heritage. They introduced a system called the criminal justice system in which we apply our laws against criminals today. Of the many laws that they created, others amongst them were the English common law, the high valued placed on individual rights, forms of punishment and the court systems, and the different police agencies. There were high values placed on individual liberty and governmental authority which are embodied in our bill of rights today.