Because it was not a direct force like pushing or pulling. The force of gravity on an object depends on the mass and the distance. Free fall is caused by this gravitational force. Every object falls down at the same speed because the gravitational acceleration is independent of the mass of the object. Gravitational acceleration was found using this formula: g=2ht2 Impact speed of the falling objects was found using this formula: v=2ht Percentage error between calculated values and those obtained from the slope of the graphs were found using this formula: percent error=calculated value-slopecalculated value x100% PROCEDURE Firstly we placed the falling sphere apparatus on the table.
Physics 11 IB The Simple Pendulum Rajesh Swaminathan June 18, 2006 1 Aim To investigate the motion of a simple pendulum and to derive a value for g, the acceleration due to gravity. 2 Planning 2.1 Hypothesis By using other methods to determine the acceleration due to gravity g, the value of g should be close to 9.8 m/s2. 2.2 Procedure 1. Measure, record and average a reasonable number of measurements of the period T for 6 to 8 different lengths. 2.
We used a vernier caliper to obtain the diameter of those two and therefore, the radius. When adding all the numbers together, we found that the true radius(r) of the orbit was 0.139 m. To find our tension, we needed to find out how much weight we needed to pull the object towards away from the spring and on the tip of the pointer as shown below. The tension needed to pull the mass on the tip of the pointer 1.05 kg. In theory the force of acceleration needed to pull the mass to same exact spot should equal the force of tension multiplied by the force due to gravity. Using Newton’s second law, F=ma, we know that the
Newton’s Second Law Lab Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationships between mass, force and acceleration as well as to prove Newton’s second law Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that there would be an inverse relationship between acceleration and mass; as the value of the mass increased the acceleration decreased. As well it is hypothesized that there would be a direct relationship between the net force and acceleration; as the net force increases the acceleration increases as well. Materials & Method: The materials that were required to do the experiment were a metre stick; its purpose was to measure the amount of string that is going to be used to drag the cart. Next equipment needed for the lab was a dynamic cart; it was going to be dragged by the string with a mass on the other end and will find relationships between these two. Also string (about 75cm) was needed in this experiment which would help pull the cart with the help of the masses that were used.
It can be expressed as a mathematical equation: or FORCE = MASS X ACCELERATION 3. “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” This means that for every force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but opposite in direction. That is to say that whenever an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard. The rocket's action is to
Verify the Gravitational Field Strength Using Ticker Tape Purpose: To verify the known value of Earth’s gravitational field strength by analyzing the acceleration of an object falling under gravity. Hypothesis: If ticker tape with an attached mass is dropped, then dots on the tape will increase further than the last due to gravity and acceleration will amount to 9.8 m/s² (Down). Materials: -Ticker Tape -Masking tape Apparatus: -Ticker timer -Mass (10 oz.) Diagram: Experimental ticker timer set up Safety Considerations: -Notebook placed to cushion landing of mass to not damage or break mass and tabletop Procedure: - Ticker tape, no longer than 50cm, was cut -The ticker timer was taped right side up on the cupboard door using masking tape, then plugged in -The ticker tape was fed through the ticker timer leaving only an inch at the bottom where the mass was attached using masking tape and still held at the top of the tape -A notebook was placed under the mass and the ticker timer was turned on - The tape was released and fell onto the notebook with the mass attached -The ticker timer was turned off and unplugged and data was recorded Observations: Qualitative: -Sets of 2 dots were marked on the ticker tape after it was fed through the ticker timer -Dots got further apart along the tape -The first set of dots were not clear, so the third set of dots were marked as the first set because it was the first clear set Quantitative: Distance versus Time Chart Time (x0.016667 seconds) | Distance (cm [down]) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2.3 | 3 | 3.8 | 4 | 5.7 | 5 | 7.8 | 6 | 10.1 | 7 | 12.7 | 8 | 15.6 | 9 | 18.7 | 10 | 22.2 | 11 | 25.9 | 12 | 29.8 | 13 | 33.9 | 14 | 38.3 | 15 | 43 | -Distances could be uncertain by measurements of 1mm more or less due to human error Analysis: Graph 1- Distance
Making the left side our positive direction, and our right, the negative direction was essential in proving algebraically, the results of the experiment. When we say, “balance,” we mean to say we will try to set the net torque equal to zero, Σ Ʈ=0, we want all the forces on opposite sides to cancel out, giving us an even leveled meter stick. In our experiment, we had two different parts, each containing three slightly different trials. In the first half of the experiment, we hung the meter stick on the 50.0 cm mark and placed different weights on different ends. We moved around the weights until we ended up with what we saw to be an even leveled meter.
Usually the experimenter adjusts the direction of the three forces, makes measurements of the amount of force in each direction, and determines the vector sum of three forces. Forces perpendicular to the plane of the force board are typically ignored in the analysis. In order to complete this lab we used a force table, accessories, level,standard weights. And weight hangers. In order to complete the first lab we had to level the table and connect the rings to the pulleys.
Theory Overview In theory, y=yo-1/2gt^2, where y equals height in the vertical direction.Time, symbolized by t, would be the amount of seconds it took an object to fall this vertical distance, and g being the gravitational force of 9.8 acting on it before it hit the ground.Time can be found more directly by using the equation=2yo/g . Y symbolizes the initial velocity in the y or vertical direction. If the ball were traveling along the x-axis or in a horizontal direction, the equation would be x=vt. In the horizontal direction, the force of gravity is not significant factor because the object is already on the ground. However, if an object were shot out of a gun for example , in a horizontal direction , then the force of gravity would directly act upon the object on its descent .
The direction of acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force. The acceleration of the body is also directly proportional to the net force but inversely proportional to its mass. Newton defined momentum P as the product of mass and velocity. The change in momentum, symbolized by ∆P, is brought about by the impulse acting on the body, F_net ∆t=∆P As ∆t approaches zero, the instantaneous rate of change of momentum is, F_net=lim┬(∆t→0)〖∆P/∆t〗=dP/dt=(d(mv))/dt Since for most object, mass is constant, F_net=m dv/dt Newton’s second law of motion is mathematically expressed as F_net=ma From Newton’s second law T=m_1 a The hanging mass m_1 is also accelerating with the same acceleration due to the net force m_2 a on it. m_2 a=m_2 g-T T=m_2 g-m_2 a Equating the tensions m_1 a=m_2 g-m_2 a m_1 a+m_2 a=m_2 g (m_1+m_2 )a=m_2 g a=(m_2 g)/(m_1+m_2 ) The acceleration is the same acceleration described in the kinematics equation a=2s/t^2 For a body starting from rest, s is the distance traveled by the cart and t is the time of travel.