Anaxagoras’ ideas are in many ways similar to that of Heraclitus; however, there are some deviations that I will highlight in contrasting each philosopher’s theory on the nature of what is. Heraclitus’s main motivation in his philosophical endeavors revolved around his desire to know what is and the organization or order of all things that exist. Heraclitus's central claim in his attempt to answer his curiosities was that the world (and universe for that matter), is ordered, guided, and unified by a rational structure, which he called the LOGOS. This rational structure of the cosmos orders and controls the universe. Thus the LOGOS, in Heraclitus's view, is the unifier in nature.
Some important elements that show the special emphasis on harmony in the Taoism religion include the Doctrinal aspects of the religion, the Ethical beliefs of Taoism and the Ritual parts of the belief. The Doctrinal aspects of the Taoism religion play a major role in the faith. Taoists believe that Tao was the first being, the cause of the universe. They believe that Tao is a force that flows through all life and surrounds everyone and that everyone should strive to be one with the Tao. Taoism is actually made up of two distinct strands.
The roles of the PM are linked to the roles of god but the 2 must not be confused. As the PM is transcendent he cannot interact with the human world as he is the greater entity. Aristotle’s concept of the Prime Mover found its way into the medieval theology of Thomas Aquinas and his cosmological proof for the existence of God. Likewise, Aristotle’s teleological arguments found their way into Aquinas’ Natural Law. An accidental universe is as likely as a caused one There are many modern scientific theories that attempt to grasp why the universe is here, who put it here and who created everything in it.
As a western thinker Tao is similar to the omniscient God. The main difference between the monotheistic God and Tao is that God is acknowledged as a supreme being whereas Tao is more of holistic conception of the world. Tao by nature cannot be expressed, it is unnamed, unlimited, and indefinable but all physical things in the universe are manifestations of Tao. Tao is considered by most to not be a code of ethics nor a guideline to life but rather it is a functional reality that we as beings encounter at every moment. Throughout Lao-Tzu teachings, he develops a conception of evil that explains the coexistence of Tao and evil.
These men are philosophers, theorists, thinkers like Thomas Hobbes and Sun Tzu, who cultivated the foundation of contemporary society. Thomas Hobbes wrote the Leviathan to describe the best way to maintain people’s security. On the other hand, Sun Tzu wrote The Art of War to explain methods using wits to outdo an enemy, overcome an obstacle, and avoid danger. To show how readers can understand how these philosophers work, we must construct a bare world, and apply their concepts. Therefore, in order to understand how philosophers defend society’s security, Hobbes’ lawless and savage “plenum” must be developed and analyzed to apply the concepts of Hobbes and Sun Tzu.
He would continue to disagree with this statement because he claimed that because everything in the universe is contingent, it must mean that the universe as a whole must have a cause behind it. Philosopher Gottfried Leibniz would have disagreed with this statement as his key idea was the principle of sufficient reason. His argument was that even if the universe had always been in existence it would still require an explanation, or a sufficient reason. He believed that we need to establish why there is something rather than nothing and to do this, we need to question why the universe exists and look outside the universe as there is nothing within the universe that tells us why it exists. The heart of Leibniz’s argument was that there must be a cause for the whole which explains the whole.
The rational theory is that myths were created so mankind can have understanding of normal events, which happen in everyday life for society. Plato indicated that myths concerning gods, heroes, and centaurs were false and irrational. He believed thinking about the origins of nature of myths were the real, rational truths (Leonard, & McClure, 2004). Creation myth gives details what the Gods and Goddesses used to create man, and mankind. They also explain how man could survive by the substances he were using.
It is important to note that although all moral absolutists agree that there are fundamental ethical laws they disagree on the origin or authority of these laws. They may be religious or like Kantian ethics based on God and the existence of natural law. In general there tends to be a consensus that Absolutism comes in three distinct types. Platonic Idealism is the first significant example of absolutist theory. This theory is referred to as the theory of forms, the forms are eternal constants which give meaning to the world.
The argument itself is leads down an inductive route and in itself tries to prove the existence of god, being through experience and though evidence of the existence of the universe, therefore enabling the ability for the argument to be a posteriori one; a posteriori argument starts from experience of the universe and argues by the induction back to god. Thomas’s ideas were originally from the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, whom in the end concluded that the creator of humanity and the world as we know it was caused by a very intelligent being, uncaused causer or an unmoved mover. People whom of studied the cosmological argument conclude different philosophies or hypothesises depending on what their faith or religion dies down to. Thomas Aquinas was a Theist whom of which used 3 ways to reach his conclusion of this principle; his three ways were based upon Aristotle’s philosophy of their having to be an unmoved mover. The argument
This is known as the “first cause”. This “first cause” is the basis of the most widely accepted version of what is known as the “Cosmological Argument” or the argument for the existence of a higher being in the universe. The Cosmological Argument has many versions which have been theorized and debated by many philosophers. The first version of the cosmological argument was developed by Plato and was developed further by Aristotle. Plato explained his theory in his book The Laws, in which he argued that the universe was known to be in constant motion that required a self-caused cause to set it in motion and to maintain that motion.