Sullivan’s Arguments About the Fate of Infants Who Die Without Being Baptized

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Sullivan’s arguments about the fate of infants who die without being baptized In fact, Francis A. Sullivan in the article “The Development of Doctrine about Infants who die unbaptized” investigates the position of infants who die unbaptized from three diverse standpoints: the Augustine's point of view; the doctrine of Limbo; and the opinion of John Paul II. Despite stating that children are the most innocent creatures of God, Augustine believed that children who die unbaptized are condemned to hell. However, the punishment they are going to face should be the mildest one. Although the Bible states: “...arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord”(Acts 22:16), the official position of the Church seems to be opposite to the one of Augustine. To be more precise, Pope Innocent III in 1201 declared that the punishment for the original sin is the exclusion of the God''s beatific vision. (Sullivan, 2011, p.4) Apparently, from the thirteenth century the belief of limbo, a state of infants having died unbaptized, became widespread by the Catholic theologians. Such a belief was based on the arguments that the infants may be freed from the original sin by baptism and the exclusion of the beatific vision is a penalty itself. However, the Vatican II emphasizes the “universality of the salvific will of God”, in accordance with which, God will save every human being, including unbaptized infants. (Sullivan, 2011, p. 7). Another aspect of the matter under consideration that should be taken into account is the words of John Paul II who told the women who had decided to do an abortion that their children would be accepted by God. John Paul II proves his opinion by the words of Jesus: "Let the children come to me and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these"
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