Stratum corneum consists mainly of dead keratinocytes, hardened proteins (keratin) and lipids, forming a protective crust. Dead cells from stratum corneum continuously slough off and are replaced by new ones coming from below. The skin completely renews itself every 3 - 5 weeks. Most mild peels work by partly removing the stratum corneum and thus speeding up skin renewal. Another significant group of cell in the epidermis are melanocytes, the cells producing melanin, the pigment responsible for skin tone and color.
The integumentary system is the largest organ in the body. The integumentary system is composed of the skin and the structures related to the skin, which include the hair, the finger nails, the sensory receptors and the glands. This system has an important function since it provides protection to the body, helps to maintain body temperature, and contains sensory receptors. The skin being the largest organ makes up approximately 15 percent of the body’s total weight.1 The skin has two layers called epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the skins most superficial layer and it is composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue.2 The epidermis is divided into four or five general layer called the strata.
The epidermis (the outer layer) is made up of several layers itself. It does not contain any blood vessels or nerve endings as such; its deeper layers are soaked in an interstitial fluid that is transferred from the dermis and this provides oxygen and nutrients. The dermis (the inner layer) is made up of tough elastic fibres, consisting of collagen and elastic fibres. It is noteworthy that when these elastic fibres are ruptured then stretch marks will develop. This is usually brought about due to pregnancy or obesity.
• As we get older, our skin has less collagen, causing wrinkles to form. This is an obvious sign of physical aging. Men can start to begin to go balder as they get older and often go grey, like women. Some older people also experience a reduction in their height due to old age. Lifestyle choices such as drinking large amounts of alcohol, smoking and too much exposure to the sun can also make us look older than we actually are.
Nails provide a protective covering on the dorsal surface of the distal part of a finger or toe. They can be useful when you need to pick up small objects or scratch an itch. Glands are also included in the integumentary system. There are two different types, sweat glands and oil glands. Sweat glands are distributed over the entire skin surface except the nipples and parts of the external genitalia, there are up to 3 million sweat glands on everyone.
Additionally, for many people, the process of being measured can be an emotionally uncomfortable one, in which case less invasive methods might be preferable. Bioelectrical impedance is based on the principle that lean tissue is more electrically conductive than fat. A mild, painless electrical current is passed from the wrist to the foot. This test is often the body composition analysis method of choice in health clubs because the test can be performed fully clothed, and requires minimal skill on the part of the examiner. Equipment required for bioelectrical impedance testing can be expensive compared to skin calipers, so this testing may be found mainly at large facilities.
Flat bones provide protection for the internal organs including the brain, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. The flat bone is made up of two layers of compact bone with a layer of spongy bone in the middle. 3) The epiphyseal plate is located in the metaphysis of the long bones which is found between the epiphysis and diaphysis. The epiphyseal plate is made up of hyaline cartilage. The cartilage makes it possible for the diaphysis to grow in length, thus the epiphyseal plate is also known as the growth plate.
The reason it is not very popular is that it is expensive and does get damaged by continuous use of water. Wooden flooring is porous. Metal flooring is either rare or not found in any household. It is unpopular as it is a good conductor of heat and electricity, making it too dangerous to be found in any house. However, it is found in busses as it is very strong, non-porous and durable.
The central nervous systems slower down the reaction time in elderly, and affects the perception and memory of elderly. (Bigner & Grayson, 2011) For Mdm Y, she have very small appetite due to altered taste, and has difficulty swallowing due to decreased saliva secretion. Changes in
These groups include the following, split-thickness, full-thickness, and composite. Split-thickness skin graft (STSG) includes the epidermis (also known as the outer layer, “the top”) and part of the dermis (also known as the thicker inner layer). Split-thickness skin graft can be processed through a skin mesher allowing it to expand nine times its size. Split-thickness grafts are frequently used to cover large areas of the body with a low autorejection rate. Split-thickness grafts are more fragile and tend to be smoother and shinier than the surroundings of the skin.