While Payne argues that there is a culture of poverty, Gorski states that, rather than a culture of poverty being existent, classism is that which permeates the classrooms and schools. Payne believes that impoverished students live by different rules and values than students of the middle and upper classes, such as how they see money, clothing, family structure, etc. Likewise, Gorski believes that impoverished students do have different values and goals than those of middle and upper clases, and he says that the rules found in schools do not often benefit those living in poverty, but benefit those living in middle and upper class. With regards to impoverished students’ values and goals, both tend to point to the idea that faculty in schools should help to reshape the values and goals of impoverished students. Payne stated that students should learn the “hidden rules” of the middle class from their educators so that they have another set of rules to use if they choose to do so.
Many lower class citizens are at or below the poverty line and are have and unavoidable disadvantages and poorer chances to discover life’s possibilities. Regardless of the potential and ambition that a lower class individual could possess, he or she will not be given opportunities to succeed like a higher class individual. People who are considered lower class do not have access to many of the resources like a wealthier societies do. Based on their economic situation, they automatically start behind the eight ball. Wealthier societies have exceptional educational services which include better teachers, utilities, and curriculum, whereas poorer societies just get by on the bare minimum.
They also live for the moment (present gratification). Some sociologists say that these attitudes and values prevent people from escaping poverty. For example, the attitudes and values of the poor mean that many don't stay in education, so they can't use qualifications to escape from their poverty. Some sociologists criticise this explanation of poverty because although it shows how people in poverty might adapt to their situation, it doesn't explain why people are in poverty in the first place. Another explanation of poverty is the poverty cycle.
Outline Some of the Ways in Which Cultural Deprivation May Lead to Educational Under-Achievement for Working-Class Pupils There are many ways in which cultural deprivation may lead to educational under-achievement working-class pupils. The term culture in sociology refers to all the norms, values and also beliefs that everyone gets from their primary socialization (Normally this is parents), this socialization is passed down from generation upon generation, thus creating a consensus. The term deprivation means the lack of material benefits which is consider to be basic necessities in society. A lack of social depravation is the failure of transmitting the appropriate norms, values, attitudes, and knowledge, there is considered a “right” culture that is need for success (in education) In a whole cultural deprivation theorist say that there is three factors, which is mainly responsible for the working-class to be under-achieving. One factor for the working-class under-achieving is that the working-class families are less likely to give their children toys that are educations, stimulating their thinking and reason skills.
External factors Poverty, this affects children and their families in a variety of ways for example, education: lack of opportunities can affect life outcomes, children from low-income families are less likely to do well academically due to the fact of potential of reduced access to quality education and the best schools as well as limited access to a variety of books, equipment plus internet. Diet can also affect the growth, behaviour and development of any child, families on low income tend to buy cheaper produces and products and often these are processed which are full of salt, fat and sugar, these have less nutritional values which could cause lack of concentration and energy. Looked after children, there are many reasons why children may be in the care of the local authority including family breakdowns, inadequate parenting, youth offending
M2 explain the limitations of marketing research used to contribute to the development of Kirklees College marketing plans. Reliabilty The amount spent by Kirklees College is limited as they get funded by the government for things like students equipment etc. also the college funds student bursaries and many other things. Low budget can restrict Kirklees College from doing things for example, KirkleesCollege could have had a big library area for quiet studies but because of low budget they only managed small libraries. Also the college could pay students for lunch money as well as travel money but again because of low budgets the college can only afford travel money.
Funding from local tax revenues and community resources to generate additional income from poor families is smaller than that of affluent neighborhoods. Second, parental participation is lower due time constraints and lack of information which is often interpreted as disinterest. Third, parents often feel powerless to create change which often influenced by the fourth factor, lack of “individual and collective efficacy” (p. 85). Educational success is further impacted by student arriving with additional needs. Unlike their affluent counterparts, students with in the Oakland system arrived to school with unprepared: academically, often lacked dental and health insurance, came to school hungry, moved frequently or were affected by domestic violence.
Saying that, “failure to address these issues not only hurts these workers’ families, it erodes the functioning of America’s communities, its economy and our very notions of what democracy can achieve (Fairness Initiative).” Also, although food stamps are supposed to be there to help working poor families, it still in the end leads to further erode in their economic well-being. So in dealing with all these issues, many working poor families are left stressed. The fact of these families living in poverty is enough, but also the fact that children have to endure these conditions in poverty is unbearable. “. .
This means working class students are disadvantaged when looking for jobs as higher paid jobs usually require qualifications at degree level, which means they are forced to look for lowly paid, usually primary or secondary sector jobs. Another policy is that of Private Education. This is seen as the most prestigious way of being educated and often provides the better education. However, this is because they are fee paid schools which means they are unaffordable by working class families, which excludes them from getting the best education possible, meaning there is a distinct difference in educational attainment across classes. However, a positive example of state policies enforced to reduce social class differences in achievement include Bursaries from universities, and Sure Start which is a programme to improve early education and childcare by offering two years free childcare to all 3 and 4 year olds.
Individuals with lower levels of education tend to deal with economic problems. In this fast growing and demanding era, living cost can be an issue for those who cannot meet the demand. The rent, utilities bills, food and not to mention when it comes to family with children; the diapers, formula, you name it, these basic necessity can be a burden for lower income parents. According to Bureau of Labor Statistic, the median weekly earning of people with no degree is $638 and the percentage of unemployment is 33%. This is due to the lack of interest by the organization to take them as employee.