How the general public perceive people with mental health problems depends on their diagnosis 4. Stigma can be a barrier to seeking early treatment, cause relapse and hinder recovery 5. Future research should investigate the experiences of service users and their families to understand and measure the impact of stigma Stigma can pervade the lives of people with mental health problems in many different ways. According to Corrigan (2004), it “diminishes self-esteem and robs people of social opportunities”. This can include being denied opportunities such as employment or accommodation because of their illness.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can be used to treat people with a wide range of mental health problems. CBT is based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact together. Specifically, our thoughts determine our feelings and our behavior. Therefore, negative - and unrealistic - thoughts can cause us distress and result in problems. When a person suffers with psychological distress, the way in which they interpret situations becomes skewed, which in turn has a negative impact on the actions they take.
Numerous professionals within the team are trained in CBT, and use CBT to treat a wide range of issues including self-harm; this is where my interest derives. Through involvement it proved CBT to be efficacious in treating depression and problem solving ability among others thus I have decided to research further into the effectiveness of CBT in the treatment of self-harm. Through research it is evident that self-harming behaviour is frequent among adolescents and young adults and these behaviours are not only challenging on their own but are major risk factors for future suicide (Robinson et al, 2011). “Deliberate self-harm among young people is an important focus of policy and practice internationally. Nonetheless, there is little reliable comparative international information on its extent or characteristics” (Madge et al, 2008:667).
Carers should take into consideration any form of distress shown by the individual e.g. a service user may have a tendency to be aggressive to service providers. The psychodynamic perspective would explain this by saying that the individuals aggressive behaviour is due to experiencing inner turmoil and tensions and conflicts from the person’s past are projected into current situations. Service providers should not take this personally – it will be due to unresolved conflicts with one’s same sex parent. In severe cases help should be provided through the use of psychotherapy.
Traub (2009) discusses the reliability of Dissociative Identity Disorder identification and categorization. Many believe that the DID is a symptom after a traumatic event, he states that “… the disorder is a defensive response that results naturally from continuous and tremendous childhood trauma, particularly from physical and sexual abuse” (Traub, 2009, p. 348). He talks about different sections, addressing whether Dissociative Identity Disorders are reliable diagnosis.. In the category of childhood trauma, Traub (2009) talks about how many psychiatrists believe the cause of many of the DID cases are due to trauma when they were children, especially in those that deal with an accumulation of traumatic events. People that advocates for DID states that it is necessary for childhood trauma to be predecessor and cause of this particular disorder.
Discrimination is attached to the mentally ill and because of this they are denied the same equalities that others in society have. The mentally ill are blamed for their own misfortunes by the bias opinions that others place on them through interaction and the negative portrayal displayed in the media. The nurse must be a voice for the mentally ill and strive for a better way in which the mentally ill are perceived and treated. I agreed with the author, in that the health care professional’s attitudes towards drug users does affect how they approach and provide care to these individuals. Patients with a history of illicit drug use are seen as having a higher risk for simultaneous chronic drug related diseases.” Negative attitudes towards patients with a history of illicit drug use can adversely affect the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, resulting in suboptimal patient care”.
Other factors such as traumatic brain injury, biological issues, and exposure to chemicals or viruses can contribute to mental disorders as well. Individuals suffering from mental illnesses are often shunned or ignored by the rest of society. State and national statistics are revealing indicators of the impact of mental illness on our population. For this reason, the needs of the mentally ill are specifically addressed by Healthy People 2020. As nurses we are obligated to help treat this population.
This involved social diagnosis prior to deciding whether to give indirect treatment of relieving environment distress or direct treatment that is influencing the thoughts and feelings of individuals. Throughout the 1950s-960s Freudian psychoanalytic ideas particularly known as psychodynamic casework.1970-1980 methods were questioned about individual focus which suggested they were oppressed and failed to address the broader social economic issues that contribute to the problems experienced by service users. Psychosocial approach helps to keep an open mind .Imagination and knowledge of personality functioning human behaviour and emotional suffering are inherent in the ideas they assist in reaching differential diagnosis and treatment plans Clients interact with environment in unique ways. Counselling: -counselling is shorthand for any form of interaction to help people. As Sedan (1999) suggested Technique can be used in many areas that are undertaken by social work.
They see and hear things that make them have psychological issues. Later many rapists express themselves by raping victims to get back at their childhood. Rapists are brought up in an environment where their control does not have any meaning. A psychological approach that affects rapist minds is the behavioral approach. The behavioral approach is “based on the concept of explaining behavior through observation, and the belief that our environment is what causes us to behave differently or suffer illnesses.
PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES & KEY CONCEPTS Aaron T. Beck developed his approach known as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as a result of his work and observations with depressed clients. C.B.T. is based on fundamental assumptions that our thoughts can and do determine how we feel and behave in relation to events in our everyday lives and our environment. Beck contends that psychological problems or dysfunctional behaviour can occur as a result of faulty or distorted thinking and through engaging and employing C.B.T. techniques we can change or modify the way we think, to cause us to feel and act better even if our external situations and events do not change.