Parents and children may need help to overcome the bad feelings. Mental health professionals can educate parents about ADHD and how it impacts a family. They also will help the child and his or her parents develop new skills, attitudes, and ways of relating to each other. Downs Syndrome Down syndrome, also known as Down’s syndrome, is a genetic condition that usually causes some level of learning disability and a range of physical features. Most babies born with Down syndrome are diagnosed after birth and will be likely to have hypotonia which is reduced muscle tone leading to floppiness, eyes that slant upwards and outwards, palmar crease which is when their palm may have only one crease across it, a below average weight and length at birth.
The methods of surgical repair may be categorized into 3 groups, primary repair, extra- articular repair, and intra-articular repair. Primary repair is not recommended except for bony avulsions, which are mostly seen in adolescents. Because the ACL is intra- articular, the ligamentous ends are subjected to synovial fluid, which does not support ligamentous healing. Extra- articular repair generally involves a tenodesis of the iliotibial tract. This may prevent a pivot shift but has not been shown to decrease anterior tibial
Interventions such as chest Physiotherapy, assisted cough, and nocturnal noninvasive ventilation may be considered. However these interventions will only increase the quality of life with no effect on survival for patients with Werdnig-Hoffman paralysis or SMA type I. Some of the medical complications associated with these treatments include pulmonary infections, spinal deformities and respiratory failure. Prognosis The prognosis for children with Werdnig-Hoffman paralysis is very poor. Median survival is about 6 months and 95% of children with the disease have died by the age of 18 months.
Introduction to Spina Bifida— A multidisciplinary perspective Spina bifida is a very common birth defect, which affects the central nervous system. It is also known as “the most complex birth defect compatible with survival”. (Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews [Dev Disabil Res Rev] 2010; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 1).
Short-term opioid analgesics may be helpful for patients with moderate to high intensity pain, although x-ray study including flexion/extension views should be performed, to rule out ligament injury or fracture, prior to starting any treatment in these patients. In patients with headache but no neurologic symptoms, persistent headache can be associated with a closed head injury, irritation of the greater occipital nerve, cervical facet injury (C2-4 most typically), or cervical muscle tension. A positive response to physical therapy or manipulation would be expected in most cases with a musculoskeletal origin, whereas if the symptoms are associated with a closed head injury, a positive response would not be expected and the patient should be further evaluated. Patients with symptoms of closed head injury should be monitored for difficulty with activities of daily living, work activities, and relationships. If complaints persist for more than 2 months, patients should be referred for neuropsychological evaluation.
Gastroschisis Gastroschisis (also called paraomphalocele) represents a congenital defect characterized by defect in the anterior abdominal wall through which the intestinal contents freely protrude. There is no overlying sac and the size of the defect uusually less than 4 cm. The abdominal wall defect is located at the junction of the umbilicus and normal skin, and is almost always to the right of the umbilicus. Omphalocele is another congenital birth defect, but it involves the umbilical cord itself, and the organs remain enclosed in visceral peritoneum, and the defect is much larger than in gastroschisis. People usually get the two confused, by not knowing the facts about them.
It is a surgical emergency that most commonly affects infants between five and nine months of age. SOURCE However, neonatal intussusception is a very rare entity and is not well described. It represents 3% of the causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction and 0.3% of all cases of intussusception. 1, 2 The presentation of neonatal intussusception can be vague and misleading due to the rarity of the disease and the non-specificity of its symptomatology3. It is usually in the form of vomiting and abdominal pain that can mimic necrotizing enterocolitis and may lead to delay in diagnosis.
Journal Article Critique The article contained information regarding the birth defect spina bifida. Spina bifida is a birth affect that affects the central nervous system. When babies are born with this defect their backbone and spinal canal do not close before birth. This defect affects genes, brain development, and cognitive behavior. It has been named the most complex birth defect compatible with survival.
Most people recover from mild TBIs quickly and fully (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Some people may experience residual headaches, agitated moods, and periods of sleeplessness. Severe TBIs can be put in two different category groups: closed injuries-are injuries to the brain caused by movement of the brain within the skull. Examples of this type of injury are falls, motor vehicle accidents, or being struck by or with a blunt object in the head (Centers for Disease Control, 2014a). Penetrating injuries-are injuries to the brain caused by a foreign object entering the skull.
With a slit-lamp associ- ated injuries such as corneal abrasions, lens dislocations, hyphema, commotio retinae, and retinal detachments. Assessment of extraocular movement is even more impor- tant in children due to the so-called white eye syndrome, in which the eye looks otherwise completely normal except for extraocular movement limitation. Since greenstick fractures are more common in children, these fractures causing a trapdoor effect and muscle impingement are more likely to be seen in the pediatric population (Figure