AP Chemistry P2 Experiment 2: Formula of a Hydrate 9/24/2013 Purpose: Calculate the percent composition of water in a hydrate and determine the empirical formula of the hydrate. Procedure: 1) Set up ring stand with ring clamp, clay triangle, crucible with lid, and burner. Adjust the height of the ring stand. 2) Dehydrating Procedures: 3. Measure approximately 1 g of Copper(II) Sulfate Hydrate into the crucible and crucible and lid.
Place the test tube, with the zinc in it, in the water and continue heating. 5. Fill the Calorimeter with the water to 45mL, measuring the amount of the water in the Calorimeter. 6. Record the temperature of the water in the Calorimeter and the temperature of the boiling water.
Allow the mixture to cool for a few minutes then filter it, using either gravity or vacuum filtration. (We shall be using vacuum filtration.) Wash the residue in the funnel once with a little water and collect all the filtrate. 4. Pour all the filtrate and washings into a 250cm3 volumetric flask.
Measure and record the mass of the test tube and metal. 5. Place the test tube containing the metal into the beaker of water and continue heating (10 min). Leave the test tube in the boiling water bath while you complete steps 6 and 7. 6.
9. Finally, reweigh the calorimeter and contents to find the mass of steam condensed. Term | Symbol used for representation | Value obtained during the experiment | Mass of calorimeter | m1 (kg) | 57.61 g= 0.05761 kg | Mass of calorimeter + water | m2 (kg) | 163.74 g= 0.16374 kg | Mass of calorimeter + water + condensed steam | m3 (kg) | 170.60 g= 0.1706 kg | Initial temperature of water + calorimeter | θ1˚C | 22˚C | Final temperature of mixture | θ2˚C | 57˚C | Temperature of steam | 100˚C | 100˚C | Let specific latent heat of steam
If taken further, this equation can be used to determine molar mass as in PV = (m/M)RT. The equipment used in this experiment is listed as follows: 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask 250 mL graduated cylinder 600 mL beaker 2-in. square of aluminum foil balance barometer Bunsen burner and hose pins rubber band thermometer wire gauze utility clamp approximately 2mL of unknown chemical Procedure: The procedure first starts with weighing the 125 mL flask and then placing about .2 mL of the unknown liquid into the flask. Then, taking the 2-in. Square piece of aluminum foil and folding it over the opening and neck of the flask.
W = Wa + 1.06 Wa/1000 Table. Density of water at various temperatures. Temperature (°C ) 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Density of water ( g mL-1) 0.99681 0.99654 0.99626 0.99597 0.99567 0.99537 0.99503 0.99473 0.99440 How to use a pipette 1 Rinse a 25-mL pipette with two or three small volumes of distilled water, and then with a complete volume of distilled water. 2 Do not immerse the tip of the pipette too deep into the water. The tip should not be above the water level so as to avoid any mishap during the suction of the water into the pipette via the pipette filler or suction bulb.
* The sodium carbonate solution was poured into the beaker with the calcium chloride solution. * A sheet of filter paper was folded in half twice and weighed. (1.1g)/(0.7g) * The filter paper was placed in a funnel in a paper cup. * The contents of the beaker were swirled to dislodge any participate from the sides and then slowly poured through the funnel. * 5ml of distilled water was poured down the sides of the beaker, swirled and poured into the funnel.
Use the balance to weigh the empty beaker, and record. 2. Measure 50 ml sea water using a graduated cylinder, then pour into beaker 3. Determine the weight of the beaker plus the sea water. Record the combined weight 4.
Using a dropper, add 5 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid to the solution. 4. Turn off the stirrer. 5. Heat the solution using a magnetic stirrer-hotplate until the temperature of