Source of Groundwater Contaminantion

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THE SOURCE OF THE CONTAMINATION 1. Introduction Pollution of groundwater resources has become a major problem today. The pollution of air, water, and land has an effect on the pollution and contamination of groundwater. The solid, liquid, and the gaseous waste that is generated, if not treated properly, results in pollution of the environment; this affects groundwater too due to the hydraulic connectivity in the hydrological cycle. For example, when the air is polluted, rainfall will settle many pollutants on the ground, which can then seep into and contaminate the groundwater resources. Water extraction without proper recharge and leaching of pollutants from pesticides and fertilizers into the aquifers has polluted groundwater supplies. In addition, leachates from agriculture, industrial waste, and the municipal solid waste have also polluted surface and ground-water. Some 45 million people the world over are affected by water pollution marked by excess fluoride, arsenic, iron, or the ingress of salt water. [pic] Figure 1: Hot-Spot States of Groundwater Pollution in India The groundwater quality dimension is addressed by describing pollution sources, namely a) Anthropogenic Contaminants or Human impact on the environment includes impacts on biophysical environments, biodiversity and other resources. The term anthropogenic designates an effect from human activity such as mining, industrial, tanneries, land-fills and garbage dumps, agriculture, and poor sanitation and wastewater disposal. b) Groundwater Salinity (Inland and Coastal) c) Geogenic Contaminants refers to naturally occurring elevated concentrations of certain elements in groundwater (arsenic, fluoride, and iron) which have a negative health effect on humans consuming this water. 2. Anthropogenic Contaminants The most widespread problem of

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