Sound Change and Its Effects on Language

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Research in language is on the move. Day by day, countless studies arise in an attempt to understand rules that govern this universal system, its variations in structure, its use in different contexts and the way it is acquired or learned. One of the methods to accomplish these investigations is through contrastive analysis, which allows “describing similarities and differences among two or more languages at such levels as phonology, grammar, semantics and pragmatics." The ideas presented in this essay are the results of contrasting two corpuses in English and Spanish and analyzing their features from a morpho-phonological point of view. In the examples from the English corpus, there are words like fake and rake which dissimilarity consists of one sound in initial position. In this environment, the substitution of the sound [f] for [r] produces a different word; in other words, it reveals another meaning. It is clear from these observations that there is a contrastive difference between both phonemes. On the other hand, there is another remarkable characteristic in the English corpus which is the presence of silent e at the end of all words. In this case, the silent letter e “signals a specific pronunciation of the preceding vowel letter.” Take the examples mate and Pete; the effect of final e in these two words changes the pronunciation in each of them: mat /mæt/ &#8594; mate /me&#618;t/ and pet /p&#603;t/ &#8594; Pete /pi&#720;t/. In both these changes, final sound of the word is lost or elided, but the final < e > still appears in the graphic representation. In regards to the Spanish corpus, it is observed a group of words that are written with < v > and < b >. In this language, most of these words like aburre, a ver, abulia y a vela are pronounced with the phoneme /b/, which is used to represent orthographic v and b. Consequently /b/ is used if

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