Sociological Themes And Perspectives

1956 Words8 Pages
In sociology a theory or perspective is a set of ideas that claims to explain how society works. There are many different theories and perspectives and some of them have been around for quite a while and others have recently formed, some in the past 20 years. I am going to look at the 5 key perspectives. Functionalism is a macro perspective because it looks at the society as a whole. It started in the 19th Century in Europe. Emile Durkheim was the most influencial of the early functionalists. This theory was then developed by American sociologists, such as Talcott Parsons in the 20th Century. Functionalists believe that society works like a human body. If biologists want to know how a certain organ works, they look at other parts of the body as well as that organ. If they only looked at the individual organ in isolation, they would be unable to explain how life was maintained. They look at the whole body and analyse the relationships between the body parts to understand how they operate and appreciate their importance. Functionalism adopts the same sort of perspective. They think that parts of society work together as a whole to form a complete system. Fuctionalism begins with the observation that behaviour in society is structured and conformed. This means that relationships within society are controled by rules, norms and values. Norms are expected behaviours within a society or group of people; for example, how you are expected to dress and behave for a funeral or at a party. Values are less specific than norms, they provide general guidelines for behaviour and overall beliefs of what is good and bad. Norms can be associated with particular roles in society. These roles can be formal or informal social positions which carry expectations of certain behaviours. An example of roles could be a teacher, a head teacher, a student, a friend, a brother or a sister. A

More about Sociological Themes And Perspectives

Open Document