Persistently irresponsible, they are impulsive violators of what are considered social norms. They disregard the feelings of others, while feeling no guilt or remorse for actions they have done (Cavadino, 1998). Because psychopathy and sociopathy are often confused, it is important to differentiate between the two types of personality disorders. What makes a sociopath separate from the psychopath is “sociopathy is not a formal psychiatric condition. It refers to patterns of attitudes that are considered to be antisocial and criminal by society at large, but are seen as normal or necessary by the subculture or social environment in which they developed” (Babiak & Hare, 2007, p. 26).
However, interactionists would say that agents of social control cause crime, not the society you are in. So whether you are integrated or not should not matter in their opinion. Durkheim also speaks of
Looking at the case there would have been a high level of anxiety amongst the witnesses when they were interviewed on site as they would have been in shock at what had happened, thus the inconsistencies with their statements.The Yerkes-Dodson law provides evidence to support my statement. It showed, that when there were low or very high levels of anxiety memory recall was low, and when a moderate amount of anxiety was evident the memory recall was the best. This proves that the high level of anxiety in the witnesses in their first statement may have corrupted the overall result of the case. Further studies by Elizabeth Loftus also support the fact that anxiety plays a major role in a EWT. She staged an experiment in which participants (Ps) were put in two different situations.
According to Sociology in Modules, Deviance is exhibiting behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. In other words, it violates a groups social norms. There are many different theories that explains deviance, but the one the i believe best explains deviance is, the labeling perspective of deviance. The labeling perspective of deviance does not focus on why some individuals come to commit deviant acts, according to Sociology in Modules. The labeling perspective instead attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants, while others whose behavior is similar are not seen as deviants.
This can be seen as the ‘dark figure’. These theorists object that statistics are not unbiased/objective, but are socially constructed. As such statistics tell us more about the compliers than they do about the activities of criminals. Consequently, labelling theorists tend to use participant observation or in-depth interviews as the preferred research method. Labelling theory asks us to question the opinions of experts, to not take their opinions for granted.
Divorce on the other hand usually end on bad terms, so conflict could cause the child stress, as opposed to the process of being deprived of an attachment figure. This is supported by Rutter (1970) who found that it is not separation itself
Outline and briefly explain the term deviance [15] Deviance can be defined as a non-conformity to a given set of norms that are accepted by a significant amount of people in one given society or community. the difference between deviance and crime is that deviance are “laws/norms” set by a society or a community, this means that they are socially constructed. if these norms aren’t conformed to there are consequences such as the society showing their disapproval through social shunning and scolding, this is different to criminal consequences as they are not relative norms/laws like criminal laws they are particular to that society. for example murder is a criminal act in most places but something like spitting is seen as deviant but not criminal. Eickman offers a useful definition for deviance saying that ‘deviance is behaviour that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society’.
Stephen Greene CJC 112-001 Criminology Social Labeling Theory Labeling theory is a pretty simple theory that is based on social deviations which result in the labeling of the outsider. It is deviance created by one’s own society. Social groups create deviance through the establishment of social rules, the breaking of these rules results in the perpetrator being labeled as a deviant (Fitch). Because of the objectivity involved it is needless to say that these labels are not always accurately applied to people. Once a label is given to an individual they become part of all the generalizations that go with that label (Siegel).
This theory is also sociological in its emphasis on the role of social forces in creating deviance. Deviant behavior can consist of different definitions. Some believe that deviance is the violation of any social norm and other feel that you can be deviant without breaking any rules or behavior that does not conform to a social norm which may be disapproved. Some people feel that getting away with something and not being punished will be an excuse for deviants to continue to commit a crime. In other words, I think that people feel that if they get away with it once they can get away with it again.
Both theories place the actual reason for deviance to be within an individual, whereas labelling theory moved away from that. Labelling theory, therefore, switches the focus away from searching for the causes of crime in people’s social and psychological background, and onto understanding how deviant situations are created. This involves understanding how behaviour is put into social contexts – both deviant and non-deviant – through a definition of a situation, “Each society creates deviants and criminals by making rules whose breach will constitute deviance or criminality. The rules of any particular society at any particular time are not inalienable” [Williams; 2008, Pg. 421].