Oakley (1972, cited in Howson, 2013) refers to gender as the ‘psychological, social and representational differences between men and women, which are socially determined and culturally variable’. Combined with Fulcher & Scott’s definition of gender, it can be assumed that males are characteristically expected to feel, think and behave in a masculine manner, whilst females are expected to do the same in a feminine manner. (Fulcher & Scott, 2011, 151). In contrast to
122 As a process, gender creates the social differences that define “woman” and “man.” In social interaction throughout their lives, individuals learn what is expected, see what is expected, act and react in expected ways, and thus simultaneously construct and maintain the gender order pg. 123 As part of a stratification system, gender ranks men above women of the same race and class pg. 123 The dominant categories are the hegemonic ideals, taken so for granted as the way things should be that white is not ordinarily thought of as race, middle class or men as a gender. The characteristics of these categories define the Other as that which lacks the valuable qualities the dominants exhibit. Pg.
Ignorance What causes cross-cultural conflicts? In the articles “Sex and Gender” by William Thompson and Joseph Hickey, “Sex, Lies, and Conversation” by Deborah Tannen, and “Identity in Transformation” by Yasmin Ahmed, each will explore the many obstacles people face in their lives and demonstrate how clashes among different cultures are caused by assumptions manifested from expectations. In “Sex and Gender,” William Thompson and Joseph Hickey explain the differences between sex and gender. Most altercations come from the differences in terms of sex and gender that aren’t clear to others, ”Sex is based on biological and physical differences between females and males; gender refers to a cultural understanding of what constitutes masculinity and femininity in a society” (285). Sex is established by genetics whereas gender is shaped by ones particular society at particular times.
Gender or sex refers to the socially constructed categories of feminine and masculine which are the cultural identies and values that prescribe how men and women should behave. The social power relations based on those categories are distinct from the categories of biological sex (male or female) (Germov, 2009, p. 131). Gender refers to the social aspects of differences and hierarchies between male and female. (Macionis, 2008, p. 367). Gender is understood as a system of relations, a social product constantly negotiated and redefined that both constrains and provides opportunity for action.
Our minds have created justifications to alter these guidelines when they our actions do not measure up to the social norms. Susan Bordo’s essay, “Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body” focuses on the gender roles society has created while revealing the way the mind justifies a particular sexual way of life. Laura Kipnis’s essay, “Love’s Labors” addresses love and adultery. Kipnis addresses the common way of thinking of why and how cheating is so prevalent in today’s culture. Kipnis goes into detail about the impact love has on our way of thinking.
Diversity Issues in Criminal Justice 2600.001 Social Construction is a norm that is created by society to persuade females and males into what occupations, groups, accessories, and ways of lifestyle that are accepted and what is not accepted by society making them outcasts. There are also standard implications for racial groups that divide race into perspective groups as well. Another contributing factor is class, people from a certain class level stay within their group and it is difficult to overcome the social norm and ascend the ladder of the classes. Our analysis of diversity issues created by the social norm of the people was in the aspects of the clothing, media, occupations, athletics and literature. There is an implied social
While sex differences are fixed, gender differences vary between cultures and over time. Sexist attitudes are stereotypical beliefs about gender and culturally constructed and transmitted through socialization. Gender equality will happen with change of society’s socialisation patterns, they seek to promote appropriate role models in education and the family. Over time they believe such actions will produce cultural change and gender equality will become the norm. They can be seen as a critique of the functionalist view of the gender role.
How do gender and sex contribute to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity? Gender and sex contribute to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity in many ways. Gender and sex concepts and constructions of masculinity and feminity of being able to tell the difference between the two. They show them as being completely different like males being the protector and the ladies as being caring and emotional Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? I feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity.
Gender inequality is amongst us all in any given society. Although gender is not as simple as may seem. Gender comes into play along with a number of different aspects such as sex, gender and gender roles. Each of these aspects play a significant part when speaking of the different social problems encountered by men and women. Sex makes up the biological differences; of male or female.
Masculinised privilege within society can be a positive impact and a negative. I will examine how Masculinity structures Society in relation to the previous points that I will elaborate on throughout the essay. Gender as a social structure affects our everyday lives (O'Barr, 2000). Masculinity as a privilege is shown