The vast number of ethical theories that are available to and used by those that argue present thousands of possibilities. In this essay, two prominent theories will be compared head to head on the legality of marijuana. These two theories are Utilitarianism, as outlined and idealized by the nineteenth century thinker John Stuart Mill, and Kantian ethics, first proposed by the eighteenth century philosopher Immanuel Kant. The Utilitarianism that Mill provides is a form of consequentialism. A 'good' decision or act is one that benefits the most people.
Whilst there are clearly a variety of differences between the two theories of anomie and alienation it must also be noted that there are also some similarities to point out. Anomie can be defined simply as a state where norms or expectations on behaviours are confused, unclear or not present at all. Alienation however can be defined as a withdrawing or separation of a person of his affections from an object or position of former attachment. However, the above definitions clearly do not fully explain these two concepts. They are both very complex and in order to understand them fully as well as to be able to compare and contrast they need to be looked at in much greater detail.
* Manifest Function- refers to the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern. This would be the ideal or intended outcome. * Latent Function- refers to the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern. This would be something that was unexpected and accidental. * Social Dysfunction- refers to the undesirable consequences of any social pattern that could potentially disrupt the operation of society.
The biosocial theory. The term ‘culture’ encompasses the knowledge, beliefs and values shared by a society that are passed down the generations through imitation and communication. By looking at research through a variation of different cultures we can distinguish between universal features, which suggest an innate basis for gender therefore supporting the nurture side of the argument, and culturally specific features, which suggest gender is learned and so support the nurture side of the argument. A famous piece of cross cultural research on gender was the Six Cultures Study by Whiting and Whiting (1975) studied child rearing processes in North America, the Philippines, India, Mexico, Kenya and Japan. Researchers integrated themselves into the societies and conducted systematic 5 minute observations of the children’s daily lives.
To understand the basis of abnormal psychology, it is essential to recognize that the individuals who make up these categories fall very far at the other end of the normal spectrum. Composed of troubling variables, abnormal psychology consists of behaviors that instigate problems in a person’s life or is considered disruptive to others who inevitably require some form of mental health intervention (Cherry, 2005). According to theorists, treating mental health issues can become difficult because elements of multiple disorders may also be involved. Factors related to the identification and decoding of certain behaviors must become a part of the equation to assess it properly. The best and most effective means of treatment should be assigned whether singularly or in combination with medication, in addition to therapy to gain control of the problem (Cherry, 2005).
Marxism and Postmodernism are the two of the most controversial and thought provoking theoretical perspectives in the field of sociology. One stems from a theory of conflict within society that is fuelled by clear inequalities of monetary income, the other was a seismic shift in critical thinking and the assertion of no fixed, intellectual truths. Both perspectives divide opinion within academia and their influence is also evident in numerous academic subjects such as literary theory, post-structuralism and feminism. This essay will outline the contrasts that are present in the each theory and their effectiveness in making sense of society. Each viewpoint will be reinforced with evidence of how they interpret their influence on a specific social institution and in wider society.
Also, these two factors can have impacts on the behaviour and rationality of the decision maker. Simon also believed that the limitations of human rationality exists in the form of discrepancy between the capacity of processing information of human and the complexity of the world. He characterised bounded rationality as: “[…] limits of human capability to calculate, the sever deficiencies
When speaking from the personal level, the answer tends to be negative. As to one certain person, his appearance and behavior would probably derive from many factors, such economic situation, religious faith, living circumstances and even a transient frame of mind. If someone tries to judge a society's ideas and values according to a mere handful of people, then the conclusion may turn out to be meaningless or absurd. As the viewpoint fails to stand true while considering isolated issues, it evolves into a valid claim when we promote our discussion from the personal level up to the social level. Karl Marx, the founder of
Socio- biologists argue that biology, meaning our genetic make up; shapes the behavior of the individual and in turn also determines social in-equalities such as gender inequalities present in society. Socio- biologists believe that the sex a person is born, categorizes them into the way society will perceive and treat them, this theory is known as biological determinism(O’ Shaughnessy and Stadler, 2006). Socio- constructionists believe however that ‘gender is a social distinction between men and women (Germov & Poole, 2007) and you are not born a woman or a man but rather female or male and develop into either a woman or a man due to society and its structures .Social ideologies such as gender hierarchy, culture, order and institutions are said to contribute to gender inequality, not the sex of the person as thought by socio-biologists. Prior to the feminist movement in Australia in the 1970’s, the word ‘gender’ did not exist; there was very much a socio-biologists view present in society at this time. This meant there was great masses of gender inequality present in Australia, males and females role’s in society were given to them based on a whole range of other differences: ‘bodily strength and speed, physical skills (men have mechanical skills and women are good at homemaking work i.e.
What he meant; the private troubles must be examined in the context of the social issues. In our days people feel like they are bounded by society where they seem to be trapped by social norms of this society. They can only overcome their troubles if they can see the connection between their life and the society’s history, and the norms and structures were created by this history. To be able to understand the connection the history of the society and the complexity of their lives have to be understood both. The conflicts and troubles that the