Germov (p. 12) makes mention of the model’s “reductionism”, which operates by reducing its focus to the biological, cellular, and genetic levels, and Doyal (p. 245) also draws attention to the limited “conceptual schema” that doctors and some other health care providers use to understand “complex human phenomena”, her implication being that human health has a significant non-physical dimension. The recognition that social factors can physically affect and otherwise serve to shape and inform notions of health and illness has over time given rise to an explicitly social model of health. Engels (in Germov, p. 8) posited a causal link between poor working conditions in mines and the “black lung” disease in the nineteenth-century, and McKeown (in Germov, pp. 13-14) and Marmot (2005, p. 1101) have more recently argued that even ostensibly individual causal health factors to large extent have a social basis. Turner (p. 235) writes that the basic position in the present sociological approach to illness is to see it as fundamentally a social state of affairs, which amounts to not narrowly defining it as a biological and individual phenomenon, and Germov (p. 4) importantly adds that the social model of health does not
It is also important to recognise that the concept of health is relative. A person’s view of what is ‘normal’ health is influenced by factors such as their gender, social class, ethnicity or age (Haralambos M, Heald R, O’ Gorman J and Smith F, 1996). The social model of health suggest that indivual and community health results from structural and cultural influences affecting ethnic minorities, women, the elderly and other particular groups of people. This relative view of health focuses on the barriers and difficulties which prevent the ‘ill’ or ‘disabled’ from having access to health and ‘normality’, as this interpretation of ‘health’ takes into consideration the wider social pressures of
(Marmot et al 2008 cited in Joyce and Bambra 2010). Marmot (2010) refers to the variance in these factors, as the social gradient in health. There are four inter related factors, which are involved in producing these outcomes, behaviour and culture, materialgtist, psychosocial and life course. (Bartely 2004; Skalicka et al 2009 cited in Joyce and Bambra et al 2010) For example, there may be differences in some socio-economic groups, in terms of the acceptance of risky behaviour that affects health. Low income may mean an individual will have poor housing and diet.
Describe and Discuss the Impact Social Class may have on Health Status and Health Inequalities Katherine Phillips 10120669 DipHE: Nursing (Mental Health) NUR129: Social Context of Health FHSW: Knowledge Spa Module Teacher: Sally Pitcher Deadline: 23/05/08 Word Count: 1859 This essay will be looking at what inequality is and how different levels of social class affect the health status of people. There has been much debate of what health and illness is and as such has important implication for health policy. The term inequality refers to the degree of difference between one group of people and another. In this case the difference in health between those in different class will be looked at. When looking at the impact that social class may have on heath status and inequalities it is important to first look at what social class and health is.
Health Disparities and Cultural Competence Margarone Momplaisir University of Texas at Pan American Professional Issues in Nursing Practice NURS 6209 Dr. Debra Otto Dr. Pam Sullivan April 26, 2011 Introduction Cultural competence has become a relevant issue in providing quality care within the health care system. Since the United States’ population is comprised of diverse racial and cultural backgrounds, cultural competence has become even more significant. Beliefs and approaches to health differ greatly from culture to culture because culture tends to shape the way we think, act, interact with others, but most importantly the way we respond to illnesses. These differences can serve as an immense resource for those who want to learn or explore how cultural differences can help to influence healthcare outcome. At the same time, this can pose enormous challenges to the healthcare provider who is called upon to deliver culturally competent care.
Article Review on Black Lung The article review is on black lung in West Virginia communities. The article review will give the definition and describe the health care issue on black lung. The article review will define how long it has been a problem within the public and community health. The review will describe how it has affected the community. Finally the article review will explain how the community has responded to black lung.
Part B The social determinants of health diagram shows how your health is affected by many different social factors. The connections between life conditions and behaviour pose a particular challenge for research. The social determinants of health diagram shows that as you go further down the social ladder in each society life expectancy is shorter and most diseases are a lot more common down the social ladder. Health policies mostly tackle the social and economic determinants of health. A more intense health policy can achieve several things: It defines a vision for the future, which then helps to establish targets and points of reference for a shot term and medium term.
X HLT-310V 09-21-14 X Compassion Fatigue This paper will identify the warning signs for at least five concepts of compassion fatigue. It will examine the nature of this problem and explore possible causes. The reader will be made aware of the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of the healthcare worker. Lastly, the reader will be given coping strategies and tools that, if implemented, may assist the healthcare worker to combat the symptoms of compassion fatigue. In order to identify the warning signs of compassion fatigue we must first define it.
The impact of these identity processes on health and well-being is explored in the contributions to the special issue (Haslam, Jetten, Postmes, & Haslam, 2009). In their editorial, they discussed these contributions in light of five central themes that have emerged from research to date. These themes address the relationship between social identity and (a) symptom appraisal and response, (b) health-related norms and behavior, (c) social support, (d) coping, and (e) clinical outcomes. The special issue as whole points to the capacity for a social identity approach to enrich academic understanding in these areas and to play a key role in shaping health-related policy and
The Relationship between Class and Health 654307 | M12 Gwyneth Warner Word Count: 2006 6th August 2012 | SHN 123 The aim of this essay is to consider how the structural factor of social class affects health, the pre-existing theory being that the length and richness of an individual’s life is strongly shaped by the hierarchies that stand around income, education and occupation (Graham, 2001). This will be achieved by examining ideas and evidence of health inequalities, economic reports and national statistics to validate and determine the best explanations of this theory. Social class is a term that refers to a group of people who hold a particular economic and social position in society (Laureau