Using named examples, assess the advantages and disadvantages of top down and bottom up development strategies (15 marks) Development is the ways in which a country seeks to develop economically and to improve the standards of living for its inhabitants. Numerous development strategies both top down and bottom up can be used by countries to help them progress. However, while these may be advantageous in certain areas, not all strategies are as effective everywhere and thus problems can arise with top down and bottom up development schemes. Top down strategies are generally capital-intensive and often conducted by the government. The main criticism of these schemes is the fact that the money which is supposedly meant to aid the poorest people in the country who are most in need is actually diverted to those who are richer instead.
The reason for why governments in developing countries sometimes are unable or unwilling to implement polices that create favorable conditions for economic growth boils down to two main reasons: social issues and political issues. Political issues are just as multifaceted as the social issues. Due to corrupt governments and regimes the lawlessness spreads throughout the developing nation like wildfire. Political issues revolve around the basic needs of a nation such as simple, yet, necessary infrastructure of schools, hospitals, septic tanks, etc. The necessity of public goods is vital for a developing country to survive, maintain, and become what we consider today, a developed country.
These policies might be more in the interest of MNCs and the developed countries rather than the developing countries. 9. People in developed countries are beginning to suffer from “aid weariness” and think that the problems in their own economies may be more important than in others so this may start to reduce the flows of aid. 10. Loan repayments on financial aid may lead to massive problems of indebtedness for developing
According to the text, a push factor can include reasons such as housing costs, rising crime rates, high tax rates, poor climates, or lack of satisfying or well paying jobs. A pull factor can include the promise of higher paying jobs, better physical settings, affordable and availability housing, desirable climate, or longing for family togetherness (Kuby, Harner & Gober, 2010). The pull factors, which cause the Vietnamese to migrate, are the instability created by the Vietnam War, poor political and economic situation in Vietnam, and the war between China and Vietnam in 1979. The push factor for Vietnamese
Many countries throughout the world are considered developing countries. These countries are in dire economic straits. These countries may also experience many different problems as a result of the economic strain. For these countries, it may seem like there is no solution to their existing problems. This is where foreign aid plays a large part in helping these countries achieve financial stability.
Creating a significant rise in jobs and incomes. When people question about the developing countries that are left out, you have to ask why they are so. Countries would only be left out if they have serious problems such as disease, poverty, they do not have modern financial systems, and corruption in their government. When they have such disadvantages they do not make for good places to invest money in. These countries need to meet the standards required to even be considered to participate in the international
List problems that stem from globalization related to economic development, labor issues, and the environment. Explain the origins and effects of labor migration, outsourcing, and offshoring. Describe possible approaches to dealing with the problems presented by globalization. Key Ideas Critics of globalization believe that it is harmful because it is driven by narrow economic interests. The benefits of globalization are unevenly distributed, and it causes hardship for poorer countries.
In light of these disparities, he believes that a “race to the bottom” is a real threat. Tensions among the states could become especially severe during a sharp recession. Under such conditions, lacking countercyclical federal assistance, states with low per-capita income would be especially
Americans are growing further and further apart when it comes to money, and this is contributing to the major problems like: unemployment, education, and inequality. Obama wants to become a model citizen for our country, so we may follow his lead and better our country through
Policy: Welfare Tracie Salerno CSU – Global PMG300 March 1, 2012 Dr. G ABSTRACT 1 DEFINING A CURRENT POLICY ISSUE 2 ANALYZING THE ISSUE 5 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 6 SWOT ANALYSIS 7 ABSTRACT Welfare reform, very controversial and touchy subject for those who think our government is not doing their job in controlling this process. This paper is an over view of what welfare reform is currently in the United States. In addition, how welfare got started and who it was meant to be used for which at that time people on disability, pregnant women and women with children, you will see more then just those groups are getting welfare. Lastly there are some recommendations that are provided that would make welfare a little harder to