Nurture on the other hand is a view, is a view proposed by the social approach suggesting that behavior is affected by socialization and environment. The natural and sexual selection in the evolutionary approach are two important factors to account for the survival of the fittest. When there is a change in the environment, a danger, a situation which needs quick adaptation to survive, the individuals who adapt the fastest and the better are the ones to survive and therefore to pass on their genes onto the next generation. The individuals that fail to adapt die, and their genetic makeup is lost. In the sexual selection, individuals from every sex have genes, which provide them with attractive characteristics to attract the
As an embryo, a male’s Y chromosome starts to produce testosterone and other male sex hormones. These hormones help develop the testicles and penis. These androgens cause differences in the male brain and cause men to behave more aggressively than women. Therefore both developments are triggered by hormones and therefore influence gender behaviour. The biological theory tells us that genes determine a person’s gender.
Provide evidence of flexible predatory behaviour and discuss why it should be more so than their prey Over evolutionary time, natural selection has shaped the morphology and behaviour of animals (Wilcox & Jackson, 1998). Therefore, many animals have evolved to be flexible predators, meaning they flexibly alter their behaviour in the face of environmental change, to ensure the successful predation of many prey species (Shettleworth, 2010). Not only this, but these predatory behaviours can be complex and illustrate an astonishing level of cognition (Jackson & Pollard, 1996). This essay provides evidence of the complex, flexible predatory behaviours of Portia, a genus of jumping spider (Salticid) (Jackson & Pollard, 1996). Distinctive from other spider species, Salticids have evolved to acquire acute vision, which is thought to have mediated the development of its diverse predatory behaviours (Jackson & Pollard, 1996).
The factors as discussed below; Firstly, Personal factor can contribute to imprudent indulgence of alcohol, sex and excessive food if not checked. It is normal to eat, have sexual intercourse, but it becomes a problem when an individual loses self-control and resort to excessiveness of the various aforementioned biological urges. Personal greed can be attributed to people eating and drinking more than their body is required
In 1964, Hamilton introduced the concept inclusive fitness. The term includes the classical notion of fitness; the number of offspring an individual can produce and support. In addition it also comprises of the amount of gene related individuals an organism can add to the population by supporting others. (“Inclusive Fitness”, 2004) This means that it sometimes can be beneficial for an individual’s inclusive fitness to sacrifice herself for other individuals, if there is a blood kinship between the individuals. If you endanger yourself for your children or close relatives you may die, but if your children or your close relatives live, your inclusive fitness may increase.
He suggested those who adapt best to environmental challenges will have a greater chance of survival, reproduction, and passing on genes. Natural selection refers to the idea that members of a species that survive competition and breed will have characteristics better suited to the environment and are more likely to pass on these traits. Natural selection results in successive generations of a species developing characteristics that make it more competitive in its field – adaptation. Explain the principles of evolution with behaviour; make a link to the question If it is assumed that a predisposition for certain behaviours is inherited through genetics, and that the principles of evolution dictate that genetically based behaviours of an individual who has reproduced are passed on (while genetically based behaviours of unsuccessful individuals are lost over time), then behaviours observed today should have an evolutionary explanation. In essence, if behaviour exists in humans today, then it must have in the past helped in human survival and reproduction.
During this time they also started thinking ahead and analyzing possible consequences. The changes in our ancestors’ ways of thinking led to the development of their bigger brains. As our ancestors’ brains grew larger they needed to eat more and more plants, nuts, and berries than usual or they had to find a new source of food to support their brains along with the rest of their bodies. The solution to their problem was meat; meat is high in protein and calories which would allow our ancestors to function and use their brains at an optimal level. To their fortune there was a lot of meat in Eastern Africa to go around.
Nature refers to the biological factors that influence ones behavior. This would be the genes that people are born with or how one gender is predisposition to certain behaviors. A common question is one that asks if boys or girls are more or less aggressive than the other. Something to take into consideration is that boys and girls experience aggression differently. Boys are more likely to engage in physical aggression but boys and girls are equally likely to engage in verbal aggression.
Historically, they have been approached through one of two perspectives. First, the nature perspective suggests that human behavior is driven mostly by biology (evolution, genetics, brain chemistry, and hormones). In contrast, the nurture perspective suggests that behavior is driven mostly by the psychosocial environment (for example, how we were raised, our peers, the situations we are in at present). Interestingly, almost everyone in our culture seems to believe that nurture is more powerful than nature. More than likely, this is because it is easier to observe the effects of nurture in our lives (personal experience), because we have been told that nurture is more powerful in our culture (authority), and because it feels more empowering to believe that nurture has more of an effect, perhaps because it seems more controllable (bias).
Human conflict has been in existence since our first known ancestors were alive. It is our natural instinct to have conflict. Charles Darwin puts forth the idea of survival of the fittest. This means that the organisms, which are most fit to survive will prevail. Often times organisms have to fight each other over food.