That means that although in evolutionary terms a male is able to reproduce at a far higher rate that females in humans they are more likely to settle on one sexual partner, in accordance with the fact that the males resources will be limited and stretched thin over a long period of time, it would not be possible to rear multiple offspring with different sexual partners. Studies have found that in humans males link young youthful good lucks with fertility; this is because a clear complexion, health teeth and a young athletic build equals good health in humans and means the person is less likely to catch disease and illnesses and more likely to be fertile and produce a healthier offspring (Buss, 1995). This is important in sexual selection because of the level of investment that a male
Describe the evolutionary approach to explain parental investment in humans; sex differences, parent-offspring conflict. Firstly females’ initial investment is far greater than that of males. This is because the eggs of a female are less numerous and more costly physiologically to produce then male sperm. Furthermore a female can only produce a limited number of offspring where as men can produce virtually an unlimited amount. Males and females both compete for different things; males want quantity so they can increase the size of their gene pool whereas females want quality in their males and them to provide good resources.
Discuss the relationship between sexual selection and human reproductive behaviour. (8+16 Marks) Sexual selection is the process in which a species changes over time as a result of the passing on of the genes that make one individual more attractive than another. This could be anything from a long tails to bright colours. Charles Darwin believed that human reproductive behaviours have their origins in the past and exist because they ensured survival or reproductive advantages to us. There are two types of sexual selection.
This is an example of the heritability coefficient coming into play: the estimate of how much someone's specific trait in comparison to other people's traits under one characteristic is attributable to genes (Olson, Vernon, Harris, Aitken, & Jang, 2001). This coefficient ought to be higher in identical twins than in fraternal twins. Then again, it is possible for identical twins to express different phenotypes (external expression of genetics) for the same genotypes (genetic makeup). This is representative of their no shared environments; even though identical twins possess the same genetic makeup, they may go through different experiences throughout their lives that shape their
By spending a relatively large part of their reproductive effort on courtship and mating , males of most species can afford to devote rather little to parental investment. The parental investment theory helps us to understand mate preferences especially the finding by Buss. Buss found that women valued material resources and industriousness in potential partners. In contrast males who make less parental investment will be more reproductively successful if they have multiple matings with young fertile females. This helps us understand why youth is universally important to men.
Fitness in evolutionary terms is the abilty to reproduce and leave offspring. There are two types of sexual selection: Intersexual selection is where one sex often females chooses a partener from the avalible pool based ont eh one with the most desirable genes. Intra-sexual selection, is competition for reproductive success between member of the same se for example females are scarce resource for which males compete. The fundamental goal of human behavior is to reproduce and pass on our genes to the next generation tehrfore humun reproductive behavior had been influenced by sexual selection pressures. Evolutionary psychologists that me have enmvolved to be responsive to females who are young and attractive since these are ohysical cues to a womens reproductive value wheres women seek indicators of socio-economic stautus.
The Dominant Substance People question whether sex is natural or not. Sex is the accumulation of the characteristics that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive function. Correct, it’s obvious that sex distinguishes whether a person is a male or female. Or, does it? Studies believe that sex refers to the genitals, musculature, body shapes and hormones.
Bodies are, so we think, natural, God- given, sacred, hardwired. Human babies come equipped with a set of male or female organs, hormones, and chromosomes (Conley, 2013). The term “sex” can also be advanced to “sexuality” which can be referenced to the sexual identity or sexual orientation of an individual. Since sex and sexuality is a biological trait it is believed to be fixed and determined only by
Cloning seems like such an amazing thing to discover; the power over DNA manipulation might have baffled us and gotten us excited, but it is not something that is ethical. If the ability to modify the DNA of human beings is allowed to be practiced, there will be no end to what unnatural thing we will do. The technological advances that have been made in health have benefited us immensely but neither therapeutic nor reproductive cloning are wise uses of our new found knowledge. There is no doubt that with this technology, we will soon want to design our unborn children. When this becomes possible, it will not only change the process of child conception into a manufacturing process but also segregate the designer children and the naturally conceived children into two separate social classes that will eventually segregate the
Discuss the relationship between sexual selection and human reproductive behaviourThe Darwinian concept of natural selection involves the concept of 'survival of the fittest' this links directly to sexual selection as the genes that ensure survival and thus enhances reproductive success will be passed to the next generation. Two processes that take place in sexual selection and that are shown in human reproductive behaviour are intra-sexual and inter-sexual selection. Intra-sexual selection is mate competition where members of one sex will compete for members of the opposing sex, the traits of the successful individuals will be passed on to the next generation. Inter-sexual selection is mate choice, this involves developed preferences and