Examine the Patterns of and reasons for, Domestic Violence in society. (24 marks) Domestic Violence is defined by the Women’s Aid federation (2008) as; Physical, mental, sexual, or financial Violence, that takes place within an intimate or family type relationship and forms a pattern of coercive and controlling behaviour. It may involve partners, ex-partners, household members or relatives. A common view of Domestic Violence is that it caused by psychological effects, rather than social effects, but sociologists have challenged this view. It is thought that it is the behaviour of a few ‘sick’ or disturbed individuals, but in actual fact Domestic Violence is far too widespread to be the work of just a few individuals.
More significant is that cases of cases of youthful offenders are on the rise on among the young female compared to their male counterparts and this situation is raising an alarm (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1999). Children who are at the risk of offending in the future are treated separately from the adults. This is given special attention reason being that they require rehabilitation to get back from the bad behavior unlike adults who require punishment. Intervention facilitates in changing the antisocial characteristics which, if not
The law is also very meticulous in defining sexual abuse. Sexual abuse is defined as “the use, persuasion or coercion of any child to engage in any sexually explicit conduct (or any simulation of such conduct) for the purpose of (a)producing any visual depiction of such conduct or (b) rape, molestation, or prostitution. (b)incest with children. The Act also defines child abuse as the withholding of medically indicated treatment for disabled infants with life threatening conditions. Different States provide different definitions of child abuse.
In typical cases, the most frequently used form of aggression is physical aggression, such as hitting or any kind of physical harm. Homosexual domestic violence does not happen as frequently as it would in a heterosexual case. In the article “Invisible Victims: Same Sex Intimate Partner Violence in the National Violence Against Women Survey”, Messinger (2011) developed an experiment, consisting of 14,182 participants, both heterosexual and homosexual, that were either abused by their partner, or were the abuser themselves. In this survey the participants were asked to fill out a survey that consisted of questions relating to four specific types of intimate violence; verbal, sexual, physical, and controlling. The results of the survey showed that the overwhelming majority of abusers and victims who were involved in verbal and controlling form of domestic violence were homosexual partners.
violence against women (VAW) as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life." the main type of VAW is Intimate partner violence & Sexual violence. Risk factors lower levels of education. exposure to child maltreatment. witnessing family violence.
There are pedophiles who are motivated by their sexual attraction to children, rapists who commit sexual assaults and rapes can sometimes be initiated by one or more persons against a single victim,child molesters who are not always pedophiles, etc. Most states require convicted sex offenders to participate in treatment while in prison and upon release. According to the Safer Society Survey done in 2003 there are 1,549 sex offender treatment programs in the U.S. (Mcgrath, 2003). The biggest component of sex offender treatment is to know there is no “one-size-fits-all” treatment for sex offenders. Some sex offenders are psychopathic and highly predatory while others may have committed a drunken sexually offensive act against other without having psychopathic intentions.
Over time, authorities have began to recognize the differences of child or adolescent sex crimes to that of adults. It is becoming clear that children can be rehabilitated much easier than adults, especially those who are repeat offenders. It is still important to notify communities of any multi-offender who may move into the neighborhood, but those who are labeled on the sex offender web pages should be only those offenders who have a history of repeating his/her illicit actions and could potentially strike again. There are currently countless individuals labeled on the publicly available sex offenders web sites for the rest of their lifetime who simply do not deserve to be. Many people are listed who are not repeat offenders and have no indications to repeat again.
When a child is being abused, he/she will more likely act out in illegal ways before telling someone. A child becomes internal when they are being abused, and seeks ways to numb the pain this can be through drugs and alcohol. When these factors are added in to the already traumatized child crime does not follow too far behind. It is important to for other adult figures that are in their life to keep their eyes open to these signs. Sometimes all it takes is someone who the child can form a bond with to talk to him or her for the child to open up.
This study examines the prevalence of childhood physical abuse among a sample of offenders serving community corrections orders in Queensland. We acknowledge that high-risk groups such as the offenders in the sample are likely to have experienced various forms of maltreatment; however, physical abuse is the only aspect of child maltreatment examined in this paper. Preliminary research findings have indicated that physical abuse affects males and females differently. Although females are slightly less likely than males to be victims of physical abuse (e.g. National Child Protection Clearing House 2004), two studies have found that being a victim of physical abuse is a significant predictor of violent offending for females but not for males (Herrera & McCloskey 2001; Widom & Maxfield 2001).
While these instances do occur, most sexual abuse occurs in the victims own home and is committed by someone the victim knows and has been extended to include non-relatives, relatives, child abuse and other forms of illegal sexual behavior, such as rape. In fact, allegations of sexual abuse are no longer specified towards men but are committed by women as well. Even so, an extremely large proportion of sexual abuse offenders are males. It is also important to keep in mind that by using the term abuse, the illegal act focuses on both the mental and physical aspects of the