Magic marker inks are often mixtures of several compounds. Paper chromatography is a common method of separating various components of a mixture. After separation, you can observe the different colors that make up a particular color of magic marker ink. You can also calculate a ratio Rf, which compares how far each compound traveled to how far each solvent (substance that dissolves another substance) traveled during the experiment. Rf = Ds/Df Ds = Distance traveled by the compound Df = Distance traveled by the solvent Materials: coffee filter, tape, isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), water, 3 different color magic markers (not permanent); 3 identical tall, narrow drinking glasses; metric ruler, 3 pencils Pre-lab Questions: List one extensive and one intensive property of marker ink.
A binding material can be separated by dissolving the tablet in ether since three active ingredients are soluble. Then, aqueous K2HPO4 and KOH are used to extract the ether solution with the conjugate base of the Aspirin layer and the conjugate base of the Acetaminophen, respectively. The caffeine can be isolated from the left over layer by evaporating the ether. Two separated solutions form solid by acidifying with HCl and the solid residue can be collected by vacuum filtration. According to the Revell's lab experiment, aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine recoveries are 60% or higher, <10% and <5%, respectively.
Synthesis and Analysis of Cholesterol by Bromination and Debromination of Commercial Cholesterol with Physical, Chemical, and Chromatographic Techniques The purpose of this experiment was to purify commercial grade cholesterol from impurities using organic reactions. Bromination of cholesterol yielded a product with a significantly different structure that was more easily separated from unwanted cholesterol derivatives. This reaction was reversed by debromination which yielded cholesterol now largely free of impurities. Commercial cholesterol was dissolved in t-butylmethyl ether, a bromine mixture was added, and an electrophilic addition reaction proceeded. This product, dibromocholesterol, was washed and debrominated by an elimination reaction using zinc dust.
Chromatography: Separating Mixtures Introduction: Magic marker inks are often mixtures of several compounds. Paper chromatography is a common method of separating various components of a mixture. After separation, you can observe the different colors that make up a particular color of magic marker ink. You can also calculate a ratio Rf, which compares how far each compound traveled to how far each solvent (substance that dissolves another substance) traveled during the experiment. Rf = Ds/Df Ds = Distance traveled by the compound Df = Distance traveled by the solvent Materials: coffee filter, tape, isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), water, 3 different color magic markers (not permanent); 3 identical tall, narrow drinking glasses; metric ruler, 3 pencils Pre-lab Questions: 1.
Esterfication Abstract: Through the process of esterification, carboxylic acid was reacted with an alcohol in order to produce an ester and water as the products. An acid called benzoic acid was reacted with an alcohol identified as ethanol. Through the use of heat and a catalyst, which in this case was sulphuric acid, an ester in the form of ethyl benzoate was produced along with water. The cherry odour comes from the ester called ethyl benzoate. Theory: The purpose of this lab is to achieve a specific odour through the process of esterification where carboxylic acid and alcohol react to produce an ester and water with the assistance of heat and a catalyst such as sulphuric acid.
Chromatography: Separating Mixtures Introduction: Magic marker inks are often mixtures of several compounds. Paper chromatography is a common method of separating various components of a mixture. After separation, you can observe the different colors that make up a particular color of magic marker ink. You can also calculate a ratio Rf, which compares how far each compound traveled to how far each solvent (substance that dissolves another substance) traveled during the experiment. Rf = Ds/Df Ds = Distance traveled by the compound Df = Distance traveled by the solvent Materials: coffee filter, tape, rubbing alcohol, water, 3 different color magic markers (not permanent); 3 identical tall, narrow drinking glasses; metric ruler, 3 pencils Pre-lab Questions: 1.
ABSTRACT Isopropyltoluene isomers were synthesized through the friedel-crafts alkylation of toluene with 2-chloropropane in the presence of aluminum chloride as a catalyst. Through extraction of the distillate with water and 5% NaHCO3, followed by a fractional vacuum distillation, the desired aromatic organic compound was isolated. Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography were used to analyze the composition, purity and to confirm the identity of the prepared product. The sample weighed approximately 2.66g, which reflected a low yield at 47%. However, from the GC the area % (also known as percent purity) was 91.8%, which indicates that a very pure product was obtained.
An example of use is cleaning compounds of impurities, where different solvents work as a molecular filter that interacts differentially with compound and impurities respectively. In the end of the process, impurities become physically separated from the now pure compound, facilitating further transferring and further repurification / extraction if needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acetanilide tert-butyl methyl ether p-tert-butylphenol p-toluic acid 0.5M NaHCO3 3M HCL 0.5M NaOH NaSO4 anhydrous Separatory Funnel Buchner filter paper Sand Bath Microspatula Disposable Pipet heated plate boiling chips support stand Pasteur pipets with latex bulb test tubes (2) utility clamp watch glasses weighing paper melting pint capillary tubes thermometer EXTRACTION •Dissolve acetanilide, p-toluic acid, and p-tert-butylphenol in t-butylmethyl ether •Extract p-toluic acid from the ether layer with NaHCO3 solution •Extract p-tert-butylphenol from the ether layer with NaOH
Then by filtering, iodide can be extracted which when combined with other substances can make an iodine tincture, that is a pharmaceutical product. * Can a single substance be isolated from a mixture? Yes a single substance can be isolated from the seaweed mixture by using methods such as filtration and evaporation. In our experiment we used filtration using a filter paper funnel to extract the iodide from the tincture. * What is this substance This substance is iodide Confidence Report The aim of extraction, is to separate a part of raw material, using a solvent such as water with heat.
Acetanilide is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of rubber accelerators, dyes, and is used as a precursor in penicillin synthesis. The melting point of the base was determined to be between 80-87 degrees. Based on the melting point we identified the identity of our base as Ethy-4-amiobenzoate. Ethy-4-amiobenzoate is an anesthetic which is applied topically to the skin and mucous membrane and is also used to suppress the gag reflex in various