“The actualising tendency refers to the tendency in all forms of organic life towards more complex organisation, the fulfilment of potential, and in human beings, the actualisation of the whole person including the persons self” (Merry 2002). Through my own experience I believe there is a need for positive self regard in order for an individual to make positive choices and trust in their own decisions.”To develop a sense of trust in the accuracy and reliability of our own inner experiencing” (Merry 2002). Again through personal experiences I understand the effect of the conditions of worth have on individuals. I believe that these affect us later in life and can be explored
Abraham Maslow believe that people have certain needs they must meet in a technique way, from highest to lowest in self-actualization (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). According to Maslow the needs of safety, love, belonging, and achievement must come into focus for humans. Humanistic theory focues on the individual and suggest that they are in control of his or her state of mind. The environment and the influence of inner thoughts, actions and desires affects the humans personality (McLeod, 2012). The Humanistic key figures are people who are encouraged in his or her upbringing to develop their own unique style instead appreciate when they meet other individuals’ outlooks to develop self-concepts.
Intrinsic motivation remains a consequential construct, demonstrating the natural human readiness to master and subsume. Intrinsic motivation is characterized as the doing of movement for its inherent fulfillments instead of for some detachable outcome. At the point when inherently inspired an individual is moved to represent the fun or test involved instead of in light of outer goads, weights, or prized. This characteristic motivational inclination is a discriminating component in cognitive, social, and physical improvement on the grounds that it is through following up on one’s natural interest that one develops in information and abilities. Intrinsic motivation exists inside people, in an alternate sense natural inspiration exists in connection in middle of people and exercises.
Carl Rogers, a leading humanistic psychologist defined the term actualization as the capability for people to "maintain or enhance the organism", so long as their are not strong opposing forces present. (Page) Humanists have applied this definition to personality psychology to develop the term "self-actualization," meaning maintenance or enhancement of the self. In fact, self-actualization appears to be the purpose of human life. The realities of life present a challenge, rather an opportunity for growth. Along with actualization, the humanist theory says that people to feel loved and accepted by others, and specifically by those they deem to be "significant others."
Lippmann states that there are basically two types of people in this world, “insiders and outsiders.” Insiders according to Lippmann are those who know enough of a situation or problem that can provide a solution to the problem. Outsiders are the public that are spectators are do not know enough to give a solution to the problem, which is left to the executive insiders. Walter Lippmann makes a valid point by calling the public a reserve force. I also believe the majority of the public does not know enough to make the executive decisions. We have one role and one role only, to intervene when a crisis is at hand.
In 1941 N.E Miller and associate J. Dollard proposed that one could learn a behavior by observing that behavior in others. They called this theory social learning. The social learning theory of Miller and Dollard also stated that “by imitating these observed actions the individual observer would solidify that learned action and would be rewarded with positive reinforcement.”(Green) Loosely translated this means that if we ape the actions of those around us they will reward us for such actions. In 1954 Julian Rotter broke away from the then popular instinct based psychoanalysis and drive based behaviorism theories. Rotter believed that a psychological theory should have a psychological motivational principal, and that people were motivated to seek out positive reinforcement or stimulus and to avoid the negative of either.
Demonstrate and evaluate a range of skills/techniques specific to the two approaches. The two approaches I will identify are Person Centred Counselling and Cognitive Therapy. Firstly, I am going to explore Person Centred Counselling developed by American, humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers who first began formulating the person centred approach in the 1930s- 1940s. Rogers believed that human beings are born with an innate ability to thrive, reach their own potential and become a fully functioning person (by fully functioning person, he meant accepting and valuing oneself, being able to live in the present, experiencing life as a process, experiencing high self-esteem, valuing genuineness, respecting others, developing creativity in order grow and be the best you can be.) Rogers also believed that people are inherently good and creative.
Here Rogers talks about how people see their actual qualities and capabilities, (their real self) and how people think that they should be, (their ideal self). Rogers states, that the quicker an individual’s real and ideal self hooks up to each other, the more happily and well adjusted the person will be. The next key concept is the hierarchical approach of Maslow (Maslow, 1968, 1970). Maslow stated that before an individual can be in touch with one’s feelings, high self-worth, and the development of one’s own sense of spirituality, they must first fulfill the more basic needs of life, like physical and security needs. (Brooks/Cole, 2008, 2004; Pearson Education, Inc.
* Humanistic psychology helped remove some of the stigma attached to therapy and made it more acceptable for normal, healthy individuals to explore their abilities and potential through therapy * One of the greatest strengths of humanistic psychology is that it emphasizes individual choice and responsibility. Humanistic psychology satisfies most people's idea of what being human means because it values personal ideals and self-fulfillment. Finally, humanistic psychology provides researchers with a flexible framework for observing human behavior because it considers a person in the context of his environment and in conjunction with his personal perceptions and feelings. IV.
Freire’s Conception of Conscientization Freire’s meaning of conscientization revolves around the way a man interacts with not only others, but how his interaction with the world benefits society as a whole. He explains that the essential functions of conscientization rely solely on the practice of critical dialogue with love, humbleness, hope, trust and that the essential functions are guided towards giving the oppressed a voice. Freire believes it to be conducive to education because it will prevent man from living in the same epoch when a new epoch has already emerged, promote a pursuit of higher intelligence, and will eventually “fight the oppressive elements of reality”(Freire). What good is man if they do not progress as time progresses? Throughout the first essay, Friere stresses how “man needs more than ever to be integrated with his reality”(Freire 6).