Under this treaty the member countries commit themselves to reduce emission of the most dangerous anthropogenic greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere, namely: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), and two groups of gases, hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs) and per-fluorocarbons (PFCs)[2]. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and came into effect on 16 February 2005. According to this treaty, the member countries must meet their obligations to reduce greenhouse gases emission primarily through national measures and “flexibility mechanism” offered by the protocol [3]. These mechanisms are International Emissions Trading (IET), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation [2]. The IET allows Parties to trade their emissions certificates.
Does Human Activity Influence Global Climate Change? Global climate change is the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the atmosphere of the Earth. It is caused by carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. The biggest contributor to global climate change are greenhouse gases (gases that trap heat in the atmosphere) such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. An unnaturally large amount of these “greenhouse gases” are released by human activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and mining.
There are different ways it can end up in the ocean, for example, through rain fall or even rivers. When carbon dioxide enters water is it then referred to as carbonic acid. Being a weak acid does not seem very alarming compared to the very wide and very deep world ocean. However, humans’ impact on the Earth has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which means there is an increase of carbonic acid in the ocean as well. Humans pump carbon dioxide into the atmosphere burn everyday by burning using excessive energy, fossil flue and even by simply breathing we are releasing more and more carbon dioxide.
Chemical Kinetics: Iodine Clock Experiment Bautista, Lance Ruther E., Tornalejo, Norielle Marie B. Abstract: Is Iodine clock really a clock? In what way do we relate temperature with the rate of the reaction? How about the relationship between the concentration and rate of reaction? In this experiment, the effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction will be studied. For this experiment, when the temperature increases, collision between the particles also increases.
Global warming is the change in climate due to the greenhouse effect. The sun may be the source of heat to our planet, but if it wasn’t for the greenhouse effect our planet would have an average temperature of 1 degree Fahrenheit, which is not warm enough for some life (National Geographic, 2007). When the heat from the sun comes through the atmosphere a majority of the heat is absorbed in the surface of the earth. The heat that is not absorbed reflects off the earth’s surface and is then sent towards our atmosphere in the form of infrared radiation. Our atmosphere stores gases, known as greenhouse gases, like water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane gas, fluorinated gases, and nitrous oxide.
Lab 4 – Energy Sources and Alternative Energy Experiment 1: The Effects of Coal Mining |Water Sample |Initial pH |Final pH (24-48 hours) | |Pyrite |7 |4 | |Activated Carbon |7 |8 | |Water |7 |7 | POST LAB QUESTIONS Develop hypotheses predicting the effect of pyrite and coal on the acidity of water? Pyrite hypothesis = If the pyrite is left in a warm climate in water for 48 hrs, then it will have a higher pH then the initial Coal hypothesis = If the Coal is left in a warm climate in water for 48 hrs, then it will have a lower pH then the initial Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept each hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this. Pyrite hypothesis accept/reject = Reject. According to the pH balance strips, my pyrite recorded a significantly lower pH of 4.
Carbon dioxide does not only cause problems in the atmosphere but also in the ocean. The coming of industrial advancement has brought many changes in the earth’s environment (Gibson et al., 2011). Industrialization has brought an increase in gases released into the atmosphere; carbon dioxide forming the largest percentage. The ocean absorbs about 30% of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and, thus the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to a corresponding increase in the amounts the ocean absorbs. When the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide it reacts with water to produce chemicals such as bicarbonates and carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the ocean.
Chemistry 122 LeChatelier’s Principle 1. In order to decide what effect a change in total pressure will have on an equilibrium system with gases, what is the first thing you should do when given the balanced equation? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Predict which way the following equilibrium systems will shift when the total pressure is increased. (NOTE: Some may have no shift) a).
“Their influence is known as the greenhouse gases, which are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapor”(“American Meteorological Society 2007”). These gases mixes with the sun ultraviolet rays, disburse into the earth atmosphere with harmful results. Carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is one way the human activities effects the environment. Carbon dioxide from the exhaust of cars in heavily polluted cities, farming machinery such as tractors, and smokestacks of refinery companies are just some of the ways carbon dioxide gases are release into the atmosphere by human contributors. The nitrous oxide gases affect the aquatic ecosystem food web chains, which leads from the smallest phytoplankton up to the largest mammal, which is man.
Over the years we have seen the change grow rapidly. Firstly the greenhouse gas emissions are the main cause of climate change. The five following gasses contribute to the greenhouse gas effect: Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Water Vapor is the most rich greenhouse gas. It increases as the Earth’s atmosphere warms which makes it the most feedback mechanisms to the green house effect.