April 12, 2013 Lab Report: Effects of temperature on oxygen consumption Introduction: In all animals, the acquisition of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide are required for survival. Oxygen is taken from the environment of the animals by diffusion from the air or water. Animals such as a fish that live in the water only have the oxygen that is dissolved in the water. A fish, exchanges gases across the secondary lamellae of their gills. Water flows over the gills and is continuously pumped by the mouth.
How does the Amount of Dissolved Oxygen Affect the Number Of Macro-organisms in Biosphere 3? Background Information: Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen dissolved or carried in a given medium. While air is essential for all human beings to breathe, aquatic organisms such as fish, plants, and aerobic bacteria all need dissolved oxygen to respire. Adequate dissolved oxygen is necessary for good water quality. Natural stream purification processes require adequate oxygen levels in order to provide for aerobic life forms.
You should submit your document as a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) file for best compatibility. Exercise 1: Data Interpretation Dissolved oxygen is oxygen that is trapped in a fluid, such as water. Since many living organism requires oxygen to survive, it is a necessary component of water systems such as streams, lakes and rivers in order to support aquatic life. The dissolved oxygen is measured in units of ppm (parts per million). Examine the data in Table 4 showing the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water the sample was taken from; finally, answer the questions below.
Projections based on SRES scenarios give further reductions in average global surface ocean pH of between 0.14 and 0.35 units over the 21st century (IPCC, 2007). According to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Carbon Program, “when CO2 is absorbed by seawater, chemical reactions occur that reduce seawater pH, carbonate ion concentration, and saturation states of biologically important calcium carbonate minerals” (NOAA PMEL, n.d). If too much carbon dioxide enters the ocean too quickly, it can deplete the carbonate ions that corals, mollusks and some plankton need for reef and shell-building (National Science Foundation, 2012). In addition, acidification can be a result of CO2 seeping from sub-seabed reservoirs, directly affecting the chemistry and marine life in the surrounding sediment and overlying waters. The immediate surrounding areas from the CO2 leak point are likely to suffer a drop in the pH value.
However, the infectious diseases had been replaced in the 1950s by ‘diseases of affluence’ which were illnesses such as heart disease and cancers, which were the main cause of death. These diseases affected usually the middle-aged, older generation, rather than the young. It's possible that the population began to develop some natural resistance to these infections, and a result of natural selection, some diseases became less powerful. Improved Nutrition has accounted for up to half of the decline in death rates, argued by Thomas Mckeown in 1972. This was particularly important in reducing the number of people dying from tuberculosis (TB).
Density vs. Salinity Problem: Depending on the salinity of the water sample, what number will the hydrometer read? Background Info: Salinity is the measurement of dissolved salts in water. These dissolved salts affect the total density of the water that then are dissolved in. If one knows the density of pure water and how dissolved salts affect the density of the water one ca find the salinity of the water using density. A hydrometer in an instrument that measures density by using a calibrated bobber.
Arterial blood oxygen tension, emotional factors and water temperature can modify diving response in humans. Every mammal respond to diving in cold water and this response enable the mammal to control how oxygen available for respiration will be used for as along it remains submerged in water (Allerton, 2009, p. 425). Laboratory experiments are normally performed by students in order to study this response. Vertebrates such as snakes also develop bradycardia in environments when oxygen is limited. Fish normally develop bradycardia when they are withdrawn from the water.
Effects of copper on survival and growth of larval false clown anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris. Summary: This article is written by Takeshi Furuta, Nakahiro Iwata, Kotaro Kikuchi and Kenji Namba. The article introduces us about marine finfish species which shows a high mortality at the end of the yolk sac stage, also about the larvae which changes their nutritional source from endogenous to exogenous ones, this stage is called ‘critical phrase’. It is considered to be a lack of several essential nutrients in food, such as fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, which were developed to enhance the survival during the stage. In contrast, minerals might be absorbed not only from diet but also from the ambient water in developed fish.
The pH scale ranges from 0(most acidic) to 14. A neutral solution is 7 which is pure water. 2. Soda has a pH number of 2.5, while battery acid has a pH of 1 3. A pH of less than 4 will kill most fish almost instantly D. 10 min.
Hypothesis : When the quails’ eggs are immersed into 0% (distilled water), 5%, and 15% concentration of sodium chloride solution, the final mass of the quails’ eggs will increase. But when the quails’ eggs are immersed into 30% and 45% concentration of sodium chloride solution, the final mass of the quails eggs will decrease. http://www.biologyjunction.com/osmosis_lab_report_sample_4_prea.htm ,visited on 30/8/2012